Table 1 Demographic characteristics of patients with BD, patients with SZ, and HCs.

Variables

(n = 197)

(n = 51)

(n = 172)

P values (F or χ²)

post hoc

Age (years)

35.6 ± 13.8

54.5 ± 16.8

45.3 ± 14.0

6.79 × 10 ^− 18 (43.5)

HCs < SZ < BD

Sex (male/female)

129/68

23/28

77/95

1.25 × 10 ^− 4 (18.0)

-

Education (years)

16.2 ± 2.4

13.5 ± 3.0

12.5 ± 2.2

7.60 × 10 ^− 41 (116.2)

HCs > BD > SZ

Estimated premorbid IQ

108.9 ± 7.4

100.8 ± 11.3

98.2 ± 11.0

7.29 × 10 ^− 22 (55.3)

HCs > BD,SZ

IMI-eq (mg/day)

-

45.9 ± 99.2

4.9 ± 27.0

2.06 × 10 ^− 6 (23.8)

-

DZ-eq (mg/day)

-

6.1 ± 10.4

6.2 ± 11.3

0.96 (< 0.1)

-

CPZ-eq (mg/day)

-

152.9 ± 213.3

523.3 ± 511.4

9.80 × 10 ^− 7 (27.7)

-

BPD-eq (mg/day)

-

0.1 ± 0.6

0.8 ± 2.3

0.045 (4.1)

-

Age at onset (years)

-

37.0 ± 16.2

27.0 ± 11.0

9.19 × 10 ^− 7 (25.5)

-

DOI (years)

-

17.5 ± 14.1

18.1 ± 12.7

0.76 (0.1)

-

HAMD-17

-

8.5 ± 5.9

-

-

-

YMRS

-

1.7 ± 4.5

-

-

-

PANSS positive symptoms

-

-

16.5 ± 6.2

-

-

PANSS negative symptoms

-

-

19.4 ± 7.0

-

-