Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample according to lithium response (N = 201)
Lithium responders (n = 61) | Lithium non-responders (n = 140) | F or χ2 | df | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics | |||||
Age, y - mean ± SD | 43.48 ± 13.15 | 44.75 ± 12.27 | 0.432 | 1 | 0.512 |
Gender - n(%) | 0.15 | 1 | 0.699 | ||
Males | 30 (49.2) | 73 (52.1) | |||
Females | 31 (50.8) | 67 (47.9) | |||
Education, y - mean ± SD | 14.85 ± 3.39 | 14.01 ± 3.53 | 2.49 | 1 | 0.116 |
Married partner - n(%) | 26 (42.6) | 67 (47.9) | 0.47 | 1 | 0.494 |
Coffee, yes – n(%) | 48 (78.7) | 111 (79.3) | 0.01 | 1 | 0.924 |
Smoking, yes - n(%) | 29 (47.5) | 68 (48.6) | 0.02 | 1 | 0.893 |
Substance use, lifetime - n(%) | 8 (13.1) | 40 (28.6) | 5.58 | 1 | 0.018* |
BMI - mean ± SD | 25.87 ± 4.22 | 25.73 ± 3.73 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.813 |
Clinical variables | |||||
Diagnostic status - n(%) | 4.74 | 1 | 0.030* | ||
BD I | 53 (86.9) | 102 (72.9) | |||
BD II | 8 (13.1) | 38 (27.1) | |||
Type of cycle | 13.15 | 2 | 0.001** | ||
MDI | 39 (63.9) | 51 (36.4) | |||
DMI | 15 (24.6) | 65 (46.4) | |||
IRR | 7 (11.5) | 24 (17.1) | |||
Age at onset, y - mean ± SD | 25.65 ± 9.67 | 29.18 ± 10.85 | 4.78 | 1 | 0.030* |
Family history of psychiatric disorders - n(%) | 42 (68.9) | 95 (67.9) | 0.019 | 1 | 0.889 |
Seasonality - n(%) | 23 (37.7) | 53 (37.9) | 0.00 | 1 | 0.984 |
Switch - n(%) | 24 (39.3) | 45 (32.1) | 0.98 | 1 | 0.323 |
Psychotic symptoms – n(%) | 38 (62.3) | 68 (48.6) | 3.21 | 1 | 0.073 |
Hospitalizations - n(%) | 37 (60.7) | 102 (72.9) | 2.96 | 1 | 0.085 |
Suicidal ideation - n(%) | 39 (63.9) | 82 (58.6) | 0.51 | 1 | 0.475 |
Suicidal attempts - n(%) | 21 (35.6) | 38 (27.1) | 1.09 | 1 | 0.297 |