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Table 2 Treatment impact on secondary outcome variables based on anxiety disorder comorbidity

From: Bipolar disorder with comorbid anxiety disorders: impact of comorbidity on treatment outcome in cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychoeducation

 

No anxiety disorder

Comorbid anxiety disorder

Time effect

Anxiety disorder effect

Time × anxiety disorder interaction

 

Baseline

18 months

Baseline

18 months

      
 

M(SD)

M(SD)

M(SD)

M(SD)

F

p

F

p

F

p

GAF

67.03 (10.76)

72.07 (14.26)

61.73 (10.50)

69.32 (13.43)

25.54

<0.001

7.42

0.007

0.53

0.47

SAS-Social

2.36 (1.16)

2.15 (0.83)

2.94 (1.41)

2.49 (1.25)

8.05

0.005

10.95

0.001

1.07

0.30

SAS-Overall

2.50 (0.88)

2.36 (0.82)

2.82 (0.81)

2.58 (0.73)

5.96

0.016

6.71

0.01

0.39

0.54

Compliance

1.46 (0.57)

1.66 (0.77)

1.36 (0.53)

1.51 (0.87)

6.74

0.011

1.74

0.19

0.11

0.74

DAS

130.17 (35.22)

113.57 (33.81)

140.27 (38.41)

124.57 (34.72)

31.09

<0.001

4.76

0.03

0.003

0.96

CIPM

          

 Stimulation reduction

1.92 (0.57)

2.18 (0.63)

1.95 (0.55)

2.25 (0.57)

20.99

<0.001

0.47

0.49

0.25

0.62

 Seek professional help

2.17 (0.86)

2.28 (0.73)

2.15 (0.82)

2.20 (0.82)

0.39

0.53

0.36

0.55

0.06

0.81

 Problem-directed coping

2.17 (0.60)

2.47 (0.64)

2.11 (0.59)

2.44 (0.52)

29.25

<0.001

0.18

0.67

0.21

0.65

 Denial/blame

2.21 (0.51)

1.98 (0.50)

2.12 (0.54)

1.91 (0.46)

15.20

0.001

1.90

0.17

0.02

0.90

  1. Significant effects are italicized. CIPM Coping Inventory for the Prodromes of Mania, DAS Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, GAF Global Assessment of Functioning, SAS- Overall Social Adjustment Scale-Global Overall Functioning, SAS-Social Social Adjustment Scale-Global Social Functioning.