Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of children and adolescents with a first diagnosis of mania or bipolar affective disorder (index diagnosis)

From: Are rates of pediatric bipolar disorder increasing? Results from a nationwide register study

 

1995–2003

2004–2012

Pvalue

N = 346 (%)

111 (32.1)

235 (67.9)

 

Sex (%)

   

 Boys

46.8

41.7

0.4

 Girls

53.2

58.3

 

Age at index diagnosis, median (quartiles)

17.2 (16.2–18.3)

17.4 (16.1–18.2)

0.8

Contact number at index diagnosis, median (quartiles)

2 (1–4)

2 (1–4)

0.9

Duration from first psychiatric contact to first diagnosis of mania/bipolar disorder (years)

0.09

0.29

0.1

(0–1.03)

(0–1.35)

 

Bipolar index diagnosis (%)

   

 Single manic/mixed episode

40.5

25.5

0.005

 Bipolar disorder

59.5

74.5

 

Bipolar index diagnosis (%)

   

 Remission, other, unspecified

10.8

23.9

 

 Depressive

7.2

14.1

 

 Manic (including single manic episode)

70.3

48.3

0.0009

 Mixed (including single mixed episode)

11.7

13.7

 

Auxiliary diagnosis (%)

   

 No auxiliary diagnosis

84.7

66.0

0.0003

 Psychiatric

11.7

21.7

0.03

 Substance abuse

0.9

3.0

0.23

 Somatic

8.1

17.0

0.03

Type of auxiliary psychiatric diagnoses (%)

   

 F4

15.4

27.5

 

 F5

0

2.0

0.77

 F6

15.4

11.8

 

 F7–9

69.2

58.8

 

Rate of drug treatment per person year after index diagnosis and before <19 years of age

   

 Lithium

3.6

1.1

<0.0001

 Antipsychotics

3.6

5.3

<0.0001

 Antiepileptics

1.7

2.7

<0.0001

 Antidepressants

1.2

1.5

0.0125

Incidence rate per person year of first drug after index diagnosis and before <19 years of age

   

 Lithium

0.4

0.1

<0.0001

 Antipsychotics

0.6

1.6

<0.0001

 Antiepileptics

0.3

0.4

<0.0001

 Antidepressants

0.2

0.3

0.389

  1. According to calendar periods 1995–2003 versus 2004–2012.