From: Are rates of pediatric bipolar disorder increasing? Results from a nationwide register study
1995–2003 | 2004–2012 | Pvalue | |
---|---|---|---|
N = 346 (%) | 111 (32.1) | 235 (67.9) | |
Sex (%) | |||
Boys | 46.8 | 41.7 | 0.4 |
Girls | 53.2 | 58.3 | |
Age at index diagnosis, median (quartiles) | 17.2 (16.2–18.3) | 17.4 (16.1–18.2) | 0.8 |
Contact number at index diagnosis, median (quartiles) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 0.9 |
Duration from first psychiatric contact to first diagnosis of mania/bipolar disorder (years) | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.1 |
(0–1.03) | (0–1.35) | ||
Bipolar index diagnosis (%) | |||
Single manic/mixed episode | 40.5 | 25.5 | 0.005 |
Bipolar disorder | 59.5 | 74.5 | |
Bipolar index diagnosis (%) | |||
Remission, other, unspecified | 10.8 | 23.9 | |
Depressive | 7.2 | 14.1 | |
Manic (including single manic episode) | 70.3 | 48.3 | 0.0009 |
Mixed (including single mixed episode) | 11.7 | 13.7 | |
Auxiliary diagnosis (%) | |||
No auxiliary diagnosis | 84.7 | 66.0 | 0.0003 |
Psychiatric | 11.7 | 21.7 | 0.03 |
Substance abuse | 0.9 | 3.0 | 0.23 |
Somatic | 8.1 | 17.0 | 0.03 |
Type of auxiliary psychiatric diagnoses (%) | |||
F4 | 15.4 | 27.5 | |
F5 | 0 | 2.0 | 0.77 |
F6 | 15.4 | 11.8 | |
F7–9 | 69.2 | 58.8 | |
Rate of drug treatment per person year after index diagnosis and before <19 years of age | |||
Lithium | 3.6 | 1.1 | <0.0001 |
Antipsychotics | 3.6 | 5.3 | <0.0001 |
Antiepileptics | 1.7 | 2.7 | <0.0001 |
Antidepressants | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.0125 |
Incidence rate per person year of first drug after index diagnosis and before <19 years of age | |||
Lithium | 0.4 | 0.1 | <0.0001 |
Antipsychotics | 0.6 | 1.6 | <0.0001 |
Antiepileptics | 0.3 | 0.4 | <0.0001 |
Antidepressants | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.389 |