Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of bipolar and control subjects
BD (n = 138) | HC (n = 167) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | |||
Age at inclusion (years) | 43.6 ± 13.50 | 39.5 ± 13.77 | 0.009 |
Age at onset (years) (n = 135)a | 26.3 ± 10.51 | – | – |
n (%) | |||
Gender (female) | 71 (51.4) | 90 (53.9) | 0.671 |
Diagnoses (DSM-VI) | |||
BD-I | 98 (71.0) | – | – |
BD-II | 37 (26.8) | – | – |
BD-NOS | 3 (2.2) | – | – |
Place of birth (Metropolitan France) | 113 (81.9) | 137 (82.0) | 0.973 |
Education level (higher education) | 78 (56.5) | 72 (43.1) | 0.020 |
Working status (currently active) | 72 (52.2) | 93 (55.7) | 0.540 |
Serum anti-pathogen IgG (positive) | |||
Toxoplasma gondii | 103 (74.6) | 97 (58.1) | 0.002 |
CMV | 84 (60.9) | 107 (64.1) | 0.565 |
HSV-1 | 34 (24.6) | 47 (28.1) | 0.490 |
HSV-2 | 87 (63.0) | 119 (71.3) | 0.127 |