Repeated salivary daytime cortisol and onset of mood episodes in offspring of bipolar parents

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of high-risk and control offspring

	High-risk N = 53	Control N = 22	p value
Sex n (%)
Male	17 (32.08 %)	10 (45.45 %)	0.2718^a
Female	36 (67.92 %)	12 (54.55 %)	0.2718^a
SES^d n (%)
1 (low)	0	0	0.3404^a
2	1 (1.89 %)	1 (4.55 %)
3	1 (1.89 %)	2 (9.09 %)
4	24 (45.28 %)	8 (36.36 %)
5 (high)	27 (50.94 %)	11 (50.00 %)
Pubertal status^e n (%)
1 (pre)	1 (2.08 %)	0	0.2045^a
2	2 (4.17 %)	0
3	5 (10.42 %)	0
4	11 (22.92 %)	1 (6.25 %)
5 (post)	29 (60.42 %)	15 (93.75 %)
Body mass index mean (SD)	22.43 (4.50)	25.57 (3.60)	0.0122^b
Age at baseline sample collection, mean (SD)	20.00 (7.23)	20.76 (2.76)	0.9632^b
Mean MFQ score (SD)	10.60 (8.50)	6.20 (9.00)	0.0631^b
Mean sleep quality^f (SD)	75.18 (13.75)	76.00 (12.87)	0.8210^b
# of undesirable life events in previous year^g n (%)	1.09 (1.20)	0.83 (0.99)	0.3626^c

SD standard deviation, SES socio-economic status, MFQ mood and feelings questionnaire
^aFisher’s exact test or Chi square
^b T tests
^cPoisson regression
^dHollingshead SES scale
^ePeterson pubertal scale
^fPittsburgh sleep index
^gRecent life events and difficulties questionnaire