Table 2 Rank order of frequency of manic symptoms by age group (symptom frequencies are reported as %)
Ballenger et al. (1982) | Findling et al. (2001)a | Jerrell and Shugart (2004) | Lazaro et al. (2007)b | Song et al. (2010)c | Chan et al. (2011) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adolescent | Adult | Child | Adolescent | Child/ Adolescent | Adult | Child | Adolescent | Child | Adolescent | Child | Adolescent |
Grandiosity (78) | Pressured Speech (100) | Poor judgement (91) | Increased goal directed/ aggressive behaviour (88) | Irritable (83) | Irritable (74) | Irritability, aggression, anger outbursts (64) | Euphoria (35) | Irritability, aggressive behaviour (63) | Depression (49) | Elevated mood (89) | Elevated mood (73) |
Decreased sleep (67) | Decreased sleep (100) | Racing thoughts (88) | Racing thoughts (88) | Easily distracted (49) | Racing thoughts (55) | Psychotic episode (7) | Psychotic episode (7) | Depression (19) | Irritability, aggressive behaviour (24) | Decreased concentration (44) | Decreased sleep (62) |
Pressured Speech (67) | Hyperactivity (92) | Bizarre/ grandiose thought content (86) | Distractibility (88) | Euphoric (42) | Easily distracted (46) | Euphoria (0) | Irritability, aggression, anger outbursts (3) | Elated mood, euphoria (13) | Elated mood, euphoria (16) | Restlessness (33) | Decreased concentration (46) |
Belligerence (67) | Euphoria (75) | More talkative (84) | Bizarre/ grandiose thought content (79) | Hardly slept, not tired (31) | Talked fast (45) | Mood swings, fluctuation (6) | Mood swings, fluctuation (11) | Decreased sleep (33) | Impulsivity (39) | ||
Flight of ideas (44); Hyper-sexuality (44); Reckless spending (44) | Belligerence (75) | Distractibility (82) | More talkative (77) | Grandiose (27) | Hardly slept, not tired (38) | Impulsivity (22); Gross overactivity (22) | Restlessness (39) | ||||
Flight of ideas (67) | Hyperactive (26) | Grandiose (27) | Gross overactivity (23) | ||||||||