From: Cognitive impairments and predominant polarity in bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional study
Neuropsychological tests | MPP (n = 17) | DPP (n = 22) | IPP (n = 16) | HC (n = 31) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Memory for scenes | |||||
Immediate recall | 32.38 (11.17) | 35.45 (11.10) | 30.13 (11.65) | 37.65 (10.99) | 0.104 |
Latent recall | 30.25 (11.41) | 34.50 (12.31) | 30.50 (12.13) | 37.06 (12.28) | 0.138 |
List of words | |||||
List A | 27.00 (5.83)a | 29.36 (6.79) | 27.25 (6.99)a | 32.26 (5.58) | 0.014 |
List B | 5.81 (2.45)a | 7.05 (2.28) | 5.50 (2.42)a | 8.00 (2.50) | 0.002 |
Number of trials | 4.19 (1.04) | 4.59 (1.59) | 3.88 (1.50) | 4.90 (1.60) | 0.135 |
Logical Memory I and II | |||||
Immediate recall | 20.69 (5.91) | 22.45 (6.83) | 22.75 (5.89) | 23.48 (7.47) | 0.766 |
Total recall | 32.63 (9.80) | 36.91 (10.47) | 36.88 (9.08) | 38.13 (11.24) | 0.503 |
Delayed Memory | 16.94 (5.78)a,b | 22.41 (7.72) | 20.75 (6.28) | 23.55 (8.52) | 0.025 |
Recognition Memory | 23.94 (3.06) | 24.45 (3.61) | 24.19 (4.62) | 24.45 (3.77) | 0.766 |
Stroop Color–Word Test | |||||
Stroop Test, Card 1 | 23.60 (34.36) | 15.86 (3.88) | 15.25 (4.02) | 12.84 (2.69) | 0.120 |
Stroop Test, Card 2 | 23.67 (16.45) | 19.50 (6.41) | 18.31 (5.13) | 16.45 (3.84) | 0.073 |
Stroop Test, Card 3 | 29.80 (7.89) | 26.23 (9.211) | 33.31 (11.31) | 26.84 (8.92) | 0.090 |
Trail Making Test | |||||
Trail A | 44.25 (21.03)a,c | 35.05 (12.24) | 33.25 (12.65) | 32.13 (10.12) | 0.011 |
Trail B | 102.60 (40.96) | 82.14 (30.17) | 95.69 (40.95) | 78.71 (32.03) | 0.080 |
Errors trail A | 0.07 (0.26) | 0.09 (0.29) | 0 (0) | 0.13 (0.43) | 0.689 |
Errors trail B | 0.80 (1.42) | 0.50 (1.10) | 0.75 (1.48) | 0.97 (1.88) | 0.971 |
Verbal Fluency Test—FAS | |||||
Verbal Fluency | 28.25 (9.50)a,b | 35.14 (7.65)a | 30.88 (5.11)a | 38.74 (7.52) | <0.001 |
Rey complex figure | |||||
Adequate representation | 31.91 (4.39) | 33.16 (3.19) | 32.00 (3.52) | 33.21 (2.92) | 0.483 |
Adequate planning | 9.50 (7.14) | 12.13 (5.77) | 12.50 (10.28) | – | 0.588 |