Fig. 1

Proportion (%) of subjects with Stages 1, 2, or 3 and 4 of renal function vs. years of lithium exposure. By linear regression, the prevalence of Stage 1 renal function (normal) declined highly significantly (slope [β]: −1.12 [CI −1.36 to −0.88]; t = 10.6, p < 0.0001); Stage 2 (mild dysfunction) remained stable (β: –0.035 [CI −0.373 to 0.303], t = 0.23, p = 0.82); and Stages 3 + 4 increased highly significantly (β: +1.15 [CI 0.91–1.40], t = 10.7, p < 0.0001)