Clinical variable | Bipolar disorder type 1 (N = 224) | χ 2 or t | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Early onset (N = 169) | Late onset (N = 55) | |||
Female (%) | 73 (43.2) | 26 (47.3) | 0.3 | 0.6 |
Age at interview, mean (SD) | 45.3 (13.5) | 53.1 (8.8) | 4.0 | <0.0001 |
Presence of family history of any psychiatric disorder (%)a | 99 (58.9) | 37 (67.3) | 1.2 | 0.3 |
Presence of family history of mood disorder (%)b | 85 (52.5) | 34 (68.0) | 3.7 | 0.05 |
Presence of family history of bipolar disorder (%)c | 31 (18.5) | 13 (23.6) | 0.7 | 0.4 |
Number of manic/hypomanic episodes, mean (SD)d | 4.4 (5.1) | 3.6 (3.2) | −1.1 | 0.3 |
Number of depressive episodes, mean (SD)e | 5.5 (4.7) | 4.8 (4.4) | −0.9 | 0.3 |
Number of mixed episodes, mean (SD)f | 0.6 (1.6) | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.8 | 0.4 |
Illness duration, mean (SD) | 22.5 (12.8) | 13.5 (8.6) | −4.9 | <0.0001 |
Lifetime comorbidity with substance dependence (%) | 15 (8.9) | 4 (7.3) | 0.1 | 0.7 |
Lifetime comorbidity with alcohol dependence (%) | 10 (5.9) | 1 (1.8) | 1.5 | 0.2 |
Presence of suicidal behaviour (%) | 47 (28) | 11 (20) | 1.4 | 0.2 |
Type of clinical course cycle | ||||
MDI (%) | 75 (44.4) | 22 (40.0) | 3.7 | 0.45 |
DMI (%) | 20 (11.8) | 11 (20.0) | ||
Irregular cycling (%) | 65 (38.5) | 21 (38.2) | ||
Continuous cycling (%) | 5 (3.0) | 1 (1.8) | ||
Rapid cycling (%) | 4 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) |
Clinical variable | Bipolar disorder type 2 (N = 279) | χ 2 or t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Early onset (N = 142) | Late onset (N = 137) | |||
Female (%) | 85 (59.9) | 80 (58.4) | 0.06 | 0.8 |
Age at interview, mean (SD) | 42.8 (14.4) | 58.7 (10.1) | 10.6 | <0.0001 |
Presence of family history of any psychiatric disorder (%) | 93 (65.5) | 87 (63.5) | 0.1 | 0.7 |
Presence of family history of mood disorder (%)b | 84 (60.0) | 79 (58.5) | 0.06 | 0.8 |
Presence of family history of bipolar disorder (%) | 36 (25.4) | 19 (13.9) | 5.8 | 0.02 |
Number of manic/hypomanic episodes, mean (SD)d | 4.3 (4.2) | 3.7 (4.3) | −1.1 | 0.3 |
Number of depressive episodes, mean (SD)e | 6.0 (5.6) | 5.4 (5.3) | −1.0 | 0.3 |
Illness duration, mean (SD)g | 22.0 (13.7) | 17.8 (11.2) | −2.8 | 0.005 |
Lifetime comorbidity with substance dependence (%) | 8 (5.6) | 6 (4.4) | 0.2 | 0.6 |
Lifetime comorbidity with alcohol dependence (%) | 19 (13.4) | 6 (4.4) | 6.9 | 0.01 |
Presence of suicidal behaviour (%) | 45 (31.7) | 29 (21.2) | 3.9 | 0.06 |
Type of clinical course cycle | ||||
MDI (%) | 51 (35.9) | 45 (32.8) | 3.9 | 0.4 |
DMI (%) | 31 (21.8) | 35 (25.5) | ||
Irregular cycling (%) | 58 (40.8) | 52 (38.0) | ||
Continuous cycling (%) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.5) | ||
Rapid cycling (%) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.2) |