Table 1 Comparison of reports of each medical condition and history of childhood maltreatment between bipolar disorder cases and unaffected controls

Female

χ ²(1) = 9.34

Age at assessment [mean (SD)]

t (395) = 0.52

At least one medical illness

χ ²(1) = 26.61

Number of medical illnesses

 None

 1

 2 or more

χ ²(2) = 49.88

Different types of medical illnesses

 Heart problems (i.e. stroke, angina and heart attack)

Two-tailed fisher’s exact

 Asthma

χ ²(2) = 9.06

 Diabetes (types I and II)

Two-tailed fisher’s exact

 Arthritis

χ ²(2) = 20.60

 Hypertension

χ ²(2) = 10.40

 Epilepsy or convulsions

Two-tailed fisher’s exact

 Osteoporosis

Two-tailed fisher’s exact

 Multiple sclerosis

–

 Emphysema or chronic bronchitis

χ ²(2) = 1.26

 Postherpetic neuralgia

Two-tailed fisher’s exact

Childhood maltreatment

 Any type of childhood maltreatment (abuse and/or neglect)^{a, b}

χ ²(1) = 36.70

 Any type of child abuse^{a, c}

χ ²(1) = 42.20

  Physical abuse

χ ²(1) = 6.99

  Emotional abuse

χ ²(1) = 35.13

  Sexual abuse

χ ²(1) = 34.16

 Any type of child neglect^{a, d}

χ ²(1) = 16.25

  Physical neglect

χ ²(1) = 5.04

  Emotional neglect

χ ²(1) = 20.71