|
Characteristics
|
CON (n = 40)
|
SCZ (n = 52)
|
PBD (n = 49)
|
NPBD (n = 24)
|
|---|
|
Mean age (SD)
|
24.9 (5.0)
|
26.1 (4.1)
|
25.3 (3.7)
|
26.2 (3.7)
|
|
Sex (%)
|
|
Male
|
20 (50.0)
|
38 (73.1)
|
20 (40.8)
|
8 (33.3)
|
|
Female
|
20 (50.0)
|
14 (26.9)
|
29 (59.2)
|
16 (66.7)
|
|
Race (%)
|
|
Asian
|
2 (5.0)
|
0
|
1 (2.0)
|
2 (8.3)
|
|
Black
|
20 (50.0)
|
27 (51.9)
|
13 (26.5)
|
2 (8.3)
|
|
Hispanic
|
0
|
0
|
3 (6.1)
|
0
|
|
White
|
18 (45.0)
|
25 (48.1)
|
30 (61.2)
|
18 (75.0)
|
|
Multiracial
|
0
|
0
|
2 (4.1)
|
2 (8.3)
|
|
Handedness (%)
|
|
Left
|
4 (10.0)
|
2 (3.8)
|
4 (8.2)
|
3 (12.5)
|
|
Right
|
36 (90.0)
|
50 (96.2)
|
45 (91.8)
|
21 (87.5)
|
|
History of use disorder (%)a
|
|
Alcohol
|
4 (10.0)
|
17 (32.7)
|
23 (46.9)
|
12 (50.0)
|
|
Cannabis
|
0
|
21 (40.4)
|
17 (34.7)
|
6 (25.0)
|
|
Stimulant
|
1 (2.5)
|
1 (1.9)
|
1 (2.0)
|
0
|
|
Opioid
|
0
|
1 (1.9)
|
2 (4.1)
|
0
|
|
Cocaine
|
0
|
0
|
6 (12.2)
|
1 (4.2)
|
|
Hallucinogen
|
0
|
0
|
2 (4.1)
|
1 (4.2)
|
|
Psychotropic medication (%)
|
|
Typical antipsychotic
|
0
|
8 (13.6)
|
3 (6.1)
|
0
|
|
Atypical antipsychotic
|
0
|
37 (72.5)
|
30 (62.2)
|
6 (25.0)
|
|
SSRI
|
0
|
15 (29.4)
|
24 (49.0)
|
10 (41.7)
|
|
Other antidepressantsb
|
0
|
3 (5.8)
|
12 (24.5)
|
7 (29.2)
|
|
Stimulant
|
0
|
0
|
4 (8.2)
|
3 (12.5)
|
|
Mood stabilizer
|
0
|
11 (21.6)
|
33 (67.3)
|
18 (75.0)
|
|
Benzodiazepines
|
0
|
1 (2.0)
|
20 (40.8)
|
6 (25.0)
|
|
Anticholinergic
|
0
|
0
|
8 (16.3)
|
2 (8.3)
|
|
None
|
40 (100.0)
|
13 (25.5)
|
6 (12.2)
|
1 (4.2)
|
|
Symptom domains (SD)
| | | | |
|
SAPSc
|
0.25 (.2)
|
3.56 (3.0)
|
1.35 (1.9)
|
0.42 (0.8)
|
|
Hallucination subscale
|
0
|
1.40 (1.8)
|
0.39 (0.9)
|
0
|
|
Delusion subscale
|
0.05 (.221)
|
2.12 (1.4)
|
0.96 (1.3)
|
0.42 (0.8)
|
|
SANSd
|
2.30 (2.3)
|
10.25 (3.9)
|
3.18 (3.8)
|
3.42 (2.4)
|
|
Flat Affect subscale
|
0.08 (0.4)
|
1.85 (1.3)
|
0.59 (0.9)
|
0.71 (1.2)
|
|
Alogia subscale
|
0.05 (0.3)
|
1.23 (1.8)
|
0.16 (0.5)
|
0.13 (0.4)
|
|
Anhedonia subscale
|
0.38 (0.8)
|
2.48 (1.1)
|
1.31 (1.4)
|
1.04 (1.1)
|
|
Amotivation subscale
|
0.73 (1.1)
|
3.02 (1.0)
|
1.24 (1.4)
|
0.92 (1.2)
|
|
Attention subscale
|
1.08 (1.3)
|
1.67 (1.3)
|
0.88 (1.1)
|
0.63 (1.0)
|
- aOther than for nicotine use disorder, participants did not meet criteria for a use disorder in the last 6 months
- bRefers to antidepressants other than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
- cMaximum possible score on the Structured Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) is 16
- dMaximum possible score on the Structured Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) is 20
