Clinical characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder and premorbid traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional study

Drange, Ole Kristian; Vaaler, Arne Einar; Morken, Gunnar; Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Malt, Ulrik Fredrik; Finseth, Per Ivar

doi:10.1186/s40345-018-0128-6

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 3 Demographics, family history, and clinical characteristics in patients with and without premorbid traumatic brain injury

From: Clinical characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder and premorbid traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional study

	All (n = 505)	+pTBI (n = 37)	−pTBI (n = 468)	p-value
Demographics
Age	505	41 (15)	42 (13)	0.74^a
Female sex	505	21/37 (57)	265/468 (57)	1.0^c
Years of education	495	4.8 (3.1)	4.4 (3.1)	0.55^b
Family history
Schizophrenia	496	4/37 (11)	9/459 (2.0)	0.012^d
Bipolar disorder	497	5/37 (14)	105/460 (23)	0.27^c
Depression	497	26/37 (70)	199/460 (43)	0.0027^c
Any	497	27/37 (73)	247/460 (54)	0.036^c
Mood state
Depressed	504	28/37 (76)	305/467 (65)	0.27^c
Euthymic	504	1/37 (2.7)	12/467 (2.6)	1.0^c
Mixed	504	1/37 (2.7)	22/467 (4.7)	0.88^c
Hypomanic	504	0/37 (0)	10/467 (2.1)	0.77^c
Manic	504	7/37 (19)	118/467 (25)	0.51^c
Course of illness
Age at onset	505	20 (12)	19 (11)	0.81^b
Duration of illness	505	21 (14)	23 (14)	0.45^b
Bipolar disorder subtype	505			0.57^d
Type I		18/37 (49)	247/468 (53)
Type II		18/37 (49)	213/468 (46)
Cyclothymia		0/37 (0)	1/468 (2)
Not otherwise specified		1/37 (3)	7/468 (1)
Depressive episodes per year	420	1.3 (1.8)	0.78 (1.1)	0.014^b
Hypomanic episodes per year	424	1.4 (2.0)	0.92 (2.2)	0.025^b
Manic episodes per year	461	0.073 (0.15)	0.091 (0.21)	0.23^b
Hypomania/mania:depression ratio	405	1.3 (1.1)	2.1 (5.2)	0.59^b
Admissions per decade	449	0.82 (1.1)	1.4 (2.6)	0.24^b
Rapid cycling	491	14/35 (40)	103/456 (23)	0.034^c
Serious suicidal attempt(s)	500	14/37 (38)	202/463 (44)	0.61^c
Current pharmacological treatment
Lithium	483	12/33 (36)	102/450 (23)	0.11^c
Anticonvulsants	483	20/33 (61)	302/450 (67)	0.57^c
Antipsychotics	483	19/33 (58)	270/450 (60)	0.93^c
Antidepressants	483	12/33 (36)	165/450 (37)	1.0^c
Comorbidity
Epileptic seizures	505	1/37 (2.7)	9/468 (1.9)	0.54^d
Migraine	501	13/36 (36)	59/465 (13)	0.00030^c*
Obesity	498	4/36 (11)	79/462 (17)	0.49^c
Alcohol, abuse or dependence	505	5/37 (14)	64/468 (14)	1.0^c
Other substances, abuse or dependence	505	2/37 (5.4)	28/468 (6.0)	1.0^d
Childhood AD(H)D	497	6/37 (16)	33/460 (7.2)	0.059^c
Symptom composition
YMRS elated component score	484	0.12 (1.2)	− 0.020 (0.98)	0.77^b
YMRS disruptive component score	484	0.54 (1.7)	− 0.050 (0.90)	0.0044^b
IDS-C₃₀ depressed component score	446	0.19 (1.0)	0.011 (1.0)	0.30^b
IDS-C₃₀ activated component score	446	0.21 (0.86)	− 0.046 (0.99)	0.041^b
Symptom burden
YMRS total score	497	7.9 (11)	5.4 (7.8)	0.16^b
IDS-C₃₀ total score	490	28 (14)	24 (15)	0.087^b

Results are presented by fraction (%) for categorical variables and mean (SD) for continuous variables. +pTBI premorbid traumatic brain injury. −pTBI no premorbid traumatic brain injury
* Multiple comparisons p-value threshold = 0.0013
^aIndependent samples t-test
^bMann–Whitney-U test
^cPearson’s Chi squared test
^dFisher’s exact test

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