Table 3 Individual components of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and their unaffected first-degree relatives (UR) compared with healthy individuals (HC)

N

Waist circumference (cm)

85 [78–94]

79 [74–89]

82 [75–90]

0.008¹⁻³

0.4²⁻³

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.94 [0.70–1.39]

0.77 [0.66–1.03]

0.76 [0.61–0.97]

< 0.001¹⁻³

0.4²⁻³

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.49 [1.24–1.83]

1.52 [1.29–1.79]

1.68 [1.35–1.94]

0.001¹⁻³

0.017²⁻³

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

120 [111–129]

124 [114–135]

124 [116–136]

0.004¹⁻³

0.9²⁻³

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

77 [70–83]

78 [70–84]

77 [72–85]

0.1¹⁻³

0.3²⁻³

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.0 [4.8–5.4]

5.1 [4.8–5.4]

5.0 [4.7–5.2]

0.047¹⁻³

0.1²⁻³

Type 2 diabetes

2 (0.9)

Insulin (pmol/L)

55.8 [39.7–84.8]

56.8 [42.0–69.9]

48.9 [38.5–63.6]

0.009¹⁻³

0.1²⁻³