Table 3 Electrode placement and bipolar mixed and bipolar catatonia

Mixed episodes

 Ciapparelli et al. (2001)

BT, bipolar mixed

41 (38 ± 12)

1 to 2 ms pulse width, 550 to 800 mA current amplitude, twice weekly

Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (response defined as > 50% reduction), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Clinical Global Impression (response defined as ≤ ”mildly ill”)

CGI response criteria = 56%, MADRS response criteria = 78%, higher response rates for mixed episode subjects

BT, bipolar depressed

23 (41 ± 14)

CGI response criteria = 26%, MADRS response criteria = 52%

 Medda et al. (2010)

BT, bipolar mixed

50 (39 ± 13)

Age-based formula, 1.0 ms pulse width, 800 mA current amplitude, twice weekly

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (response defined as > 50% reduction, remission ≤ 8), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Clinical Global Improvement Scale (response defined as ≤ ”much improved”, remission rate as ≤ ”very much improved”)

CGI response criteria = 76%, similar response and remission rates among both groups irrespective of rating scale

BT, bipolar depressed

46 (51 ± 12)

CGI response criteria = 67%

 Perugi et al. (2017)

BT, age-based algorithm

197 (44 ± 13)

1 ms, pulse width 1.5–4 ms, 800 mA, twice weekly

Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale, responder ≤ 2

72.9% responders

Catatonic episodes

 Perugi et al. (2017)

BT, age-based algorithm

26 (49.50 ± 13)

1 ms, pulse width 1.5–4 ms, 800 mA, twice weekly

Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale, responder ≤ 2

80.8% responders