Neuropsychological profiles of adult bipolar disorder patients with and without comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 2 Comparison of neuropsychological test performance of the bipolar disorder group without childhood ADHD (BD − cADHD) and the bipolar disorder group with childhood ADHD (BD + cADHD)

	BD − cADHD (n = 56–64^a)	BD + cADHD (n = 23–31^a)	t-value	p value	Cohen’s d
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	t-value	p value	Cohen’s d
WAIS-III: Verbal Comprehension Index	109.8 (12.9)	112.5 (10.6)	− .98	.33	− .23
WAIS-III: Perceptual Organization Index	109.4 (16.5)	106.1 (14.4)	.91	.37	.21
WAIS-III: Working Memory Index	102.2 (14.9)	95.4 (11)	2.15	.03	.52
WAIS-III: Processing Speed Index	99.1 (15.8)	95.9 (10.9)	1.12	.27	.24
CPT2 omission errors^b	53.5 (15.8)	53.9 (16.7)	− .10	.92	− .02
CPT2 comission errors^b	54.2 (9.9)	54.4 (10.1)	− .05	.96	-.02
ColorWord 4 (Inh/Swi)	9.9 (3)	9.5 (3.1)	.66	.51	.13
Tower test total	11.4 (3.3)	10.4 (3.7)	1.17	.25	.29
RCFT: immediate recall	43.5 (14.2)	41.6 (16)	.70	.49	.15
Claeson Dahl verbal learning	46 (12.9)	48.8 (9.3)	− 1.15	.25	− .25

^aData were missing for some patients, therefore the N varies
^bHigher score indicates better performance on all tests except CPT, where lower score indicates better performance