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Table 3 Differences in depressive, hypomanic, manic and overall bipolar symptoms depending on gender and childhood trauma

From: Role of child maltreatment and gender for bipolar symptoms in young adults

 

Gender

Emotional abuse

Physical abuse

Sexual abuse

Male

Female

z

No

Yes

z

No

Yes

z

No

Yes

z

Mdn

Mdn

Mdn

Mdn

Mdn

Mdn

Mdn

Mdn

Depressive symptoms

 BDI 1

5

9

− 2.36*

7

23

− 4.81***

8

14

− 2.17*

8

17

− 2.49*

 BDI 2

5

8

− 2.51*

7

17

− 3.53***

7

16

− 3.03**

7

17

− 2.54*

 BDI 3

4

9

− 2.91**

7

17

− 4.06***

7

17

− 2.24*

7

21

− 3.03**

 BDI 4

5

8

− 2.44*

5

14

− 3.07**

6

17

− 1.99*

6

14

− 2.17*

 BDI 5

6

6

− 0.99

5

13

− 3.87***

6

15

− 2.82**

6

19

− 3.35**

Hypomanic symptoms

 HCL 1

16

16

− 0.36

16

17

− 1.23

16

17

− 1.33

16

18

− 2.08*

 HCL 2

15

15

− 0.33

15

17

− 0.62

15

18

− 1.18

15

17

− 1.96

 HCL 3

14

14

− 0.12

14

15

− 1.98*

14

16

− 0.49

14

15

− 1.40

 HCL 4

13

13

− 0.05

13

16

− 1.03

13

18

− 1.48

13

17

− 2.24*

 HCL 5

12

12

− 0.03

12

16

− 1.05

12

17

− 1.33

12

17

− 2.01*

Manic symptoms

 ASRM 1

2

2

− 0.96

2

2

− 1.19

2

2

− 0.46

2

2

− 0.16

 ASRM 2

2

2

− 0.14

2

3

− 0.97

2

3

− 0.38

2

2

− 0.29

 ASRM 3

2

2

− 1.19

2

5

− 1.97*

2

3

− 0.69

2

2

− 1.75

 ASRM 4

2

1

− 0.14

2

3

− 1.39

2

3

− 1.37

2

3

− 1.41

 ASRM 5

2

1

− 1.89

1

1

− 0.21

1

0

− 0.84

1

0

− 2.06*

Overall bipolar symptoms

 BSB 1

10

14

− 2.22*

12

21

− 3.85***

12

17.5

− 1.14

12

15

− 1.85

 BSB 2

10

11

− 1.25

10

17

− 2.99**

10.5

12.5

− 0.25

11

11

− 0.65

 BSB 3

9

12

− 1.93

11

22

− 3.54***

11

12.5

− 0.54

11

18

− 2.29*

 BSB 4

8

12

− 2.55*

9

20

− 3.36**

10

11

− 1.36

10

14

− 2.12*

 BSB 5

8

8

− 0.81

8

17

− 3.55***

8

7.5

− 1.02

8

12

− 1.85

  1. BDI Beck Depression Inventory, HCL Hypomania Checklist, ASRM Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale, BSB Bochumer Screeningbogen Bipolar, Mdn median, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001