From: Role of child maltreatment and gender for bipolar symptoms in young adults
 | Gender | Emotional abuse | Physical abuse | Sexual abuse | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | z | No | Yes | z | No | Yes | z | No | Yes | z | |
Mdn | Mdn | Mdn | Mdn | Mdn | Mdn | Mdn | Mdn | |||||
Depressive symptoms | ||||||||||||
 BDI 1 | 5 | 9 | − 2.36* | 7 | 23 | − 4.81*** | 8 | 14 | − 2.17* | 8 | 17 | − 2.49* |
 BDI 2 | 5 | 8 | − 2.51* | 7 | 17 | − 3.53*** | 7 | 16 | − 3.03** | 7 | 17 | − 2.54* |
 BDI 3 | 4 | 9 | − 2.91** | 7 | 17 | − 4.06*** | 7 | 17 | − 2.24* | 7 | 21 | − 3.03** |
 BDI 4 | 5 | 8 | − 2.44* | 5 | 14 | − 3.07** | 6 | 17 | − 1.99* | 6 | 14 | − 2.17* |
 BDI 5 | 6 | 6 | − 0.99 | 5 | 13 | − 3.87*** | 6 | 15 | − 2.82** | 6 | 19 | − 3.35** |
Hypomanic symptoms | ||||||||||||
 HCL 1 | 16 | 16 | − 0.36 | 16 | 17 | − 1.23 | 16 | 17 | − 1.33 | 16 | 18 | − 2.08* |
 HCL 2 | 15 | 15 | − 0.33 | 15 | 17 | − 0.62 | 15 | 18 | − 1.18 | 15 | 17 | − 1.96 |
 HCL 3 | 14 | 14 | − 0.12 | 14 | 15 | − 1.98* | 14 | 16 | − 0.49 | 14 | 15 | − 1.40 |
 HCL 4 | 13 | 13 | − 0.05 | 13 | 16 | − 1.03 | 13 | 18 | − 1.48 | 13 | 17 | − 2.24* |
 HCL 5 | 12 | 12 | − 0.03 | 12 | 16 | − 1.05 | 12 | 17 | − 1.33 | 12 | 17 | − 2.01* |
Manic symptoms | ||||||||||||
 ASRM 1 | 2 | 2 | − 0.96 | 2 | 2 | − 1.19 | 2 | 2 | − 0.46 | 2 | 2 | − 0.16 |
 ASRM 2 | 2 | 2 | − 0.14 | 2 | 3 | − 0.97 | 2 | 3 | − 0.38 | 2 | 2 | − 0.29 |
 ASRM 3 | 2 | 2 | − 1.19 | 2 | 5 | − 1.97* | 2 | 3 | − 0.69 | 2 | 2 | − 1.75 |
 ASRM 4 | 2 | 1 | − 0.14 | 2 | 3 | − 1.39 | 2 | 3 | − 1.37 | 2 | 3 | − 1.41 |
 ASRM 5 | 2 | 1 | − 1.89 | 1 | 1 | − 0.21 | 1 | 0 | − 0.84 | 1 | 0 | − 2.06* |
Overall bipolar symptoms | ||||||||||||
 BSB 1 | 10 | 14 | − 2.22* | 12 | 21 | − 3.85*** | 12 | 17.5 | − 1.14 | 12 | 15 | − 1.85 |
 BSB 2 | 10 | 11 | − 1.25 | 10 | 17 | − 2.99** | 10.5 | 12.5 | − 0.25 | 11 | 11 | − 0.65 |
 BSB 3 | 9 | 12 | − 1.93 | 11 | 22 | − 3.54*** | 11 | 12.5 | − 0.54 | 11 | 18 | − 2.29* |
 BSB 4 | 8 | 12 | − 2.55* | 9 | 20 | − 3.36** | 10 | 11 | − 1.36 | 10 | 14 | − 2.12* |
 BSB 5 | 8 | 8 | − 0.81 | 8 | 17 | − 3.55*** | 8 | 7.5 | − 1.02 | 8 | 12 | − 1.85 |