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Table 1 Clinical and demographic variables in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), unaffected relatives (UR) and healthy controls (HC)

From: Sleep and physical activity in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder in remission, their first-degree unaffected relatives and healthy controls

 

BD1

UR2

HC3

p-value

Number (n)

227

76

148

 

Age (years)

28 [24–36]

26 [22–31]

27 [24–36]

0.011–2

0.9211–3

0.282–3

Sex (Female n (%))

135 (59.5%)

43 (56.6%)

89 (60.0%)

 

Alcohol (units/week)

3 [0–7]

2 [1–7]

5 [2–8]

0.9181–2

0.0001–3

0.0012–3

Smoking (package years)

1.9 [0–6.8]

0 [0–0.4]

0 [0–0]

0.0001–2

0.0001–3

0.1322–3

Education (years)

15 [12–17]

15 [13–17]

16 [15–17]

0.1651–2

< 0.0011–3

0.0692–3

BMI (kg/m2)

24.6 [22.2–27.2]

23.9 [21.5–26.4]

23.7 [22.1–26.2]

0.1081–2

0.1311–3

0.6232–3

HAM-D17

7 [3–10]

2 [0–3]

1 [0–2]

0.0001–2

0.0001–3

0.0042–3

YMRS

2 [0–5]

0 [0–2]

0 [0–2]

0.0001–2

0.0001–3

0.7082–3

Age of onset (years)

17 [14–22]

Total affective episodes

12 [6–23]

Illness duration (years)

9 [5–15]

Untreated bipolar disorder (years)

3 [1–10]

Antiepileptics

110 (52.6%)

Antipsychotics

93 (44.9%)

Antidepressants

102 (49.0%)

Lithium

79 (38.0%)

Combination treatment

2 [1–3]

  1. Continuous variables shown as median [interquartile range] and categorical values as n (%). p-values denoted as the groups between which the comparison is made. Age of onset is the age at the time of the first affective episode. Illness duration is defined as the duration between first affective episode and inclusion in the study. Untreated bipolar disorder: time from first hypomanic, manic or mixed episode to time of diagnosis
  2. HAM-D17 Hamilton Rating Depression Scale, 17 items, YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
  3. 1Patients with bipolar disorder (BD)
  4. 2Unaffected first-degree relatives (UR)
  5. 3Healthy control persons (HR)