Bipolar offspring and mothers: interactional challenges at infant age 3 and 12 months—a developmental pathway to enhanced risk?

Anke, Teija M. S.; Slinning, Kari; Moe, Vibeke; Brunborg, Cathrine; Siqveland, Torill S.; Skjelstad, Dag Vegard

doi:10.1186/s40345-020-00192-3

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 3 Mean values on PCERA-clustered subscales at 3 and 12 months and within- and between-group changes in the BD and the non-clinical sample from 3 to 12 months

From: Bipolar offspring and mothers: interactional challenges at infant age 3 and 12 months—a developmental pathway to enhanced risk?

Outcome variable	Sample	Mean (sd)	Mean (sd)	Mean within group change	Mean between group change
Outcome variable	size, n	at 3 months^a	at 12 months^a	3–12 months^b (95% CI); p-value	3–12 months^a (95% CI); p-value
Maternal tone of voice
BD sample	26	4.26^# (0.41)	3.99^¤ (0.49)	− 0.27 (− 0.45 to − 0.09); 0.006^*	− 0.54 (− 0.84 to − 0.23); 0.01^*
Non-clinical sample	28	4.60 (0.51)	4.86 (0.27)	0.27 (0.52 to 0.02); 0.04^*	− 0.54 (− 0.84 to − 0.23); 0.01^*
Mother’s characteristic mood
BD sample	26	4.23 (0.31)	4.09^¤ (0.43)	− 0.14 (− 0.32 to 0.05); 0.14	− 0.49 (− 0.76 to − 0.22); 0.01^*
Non-clinical sample	28	4.26 (0.50)	4.61 (0.23)	0.35 (0.55 to 0.15); 0.001^*	− 0.49 (− 0.76 to − 0.22); 0.01^*
Maternal affective and behavioural involvement
BD sample	26	3.61^# (0.46)	3.50^¤ (0.56)	− 0.11 (− 0.34 to 0.12); 0.34	− 0.13 (− 0.54 to 0.28); 0.53
Non-clinical sample	28	4.15 (0.70)	4.18 (0.57)	0.02 (0.36 to − 0.32); 0.90	− 0.13 (− 0.54 to 0.28); 0.53
Maternal style
BD sample	26	3.88 (0.36)	3.94^¤ (0.47)	0.05 (0.26 to − 0.15); 0.60	− 0.50 (− 0.84 to − 0.15); 0.005^*
Non-clinical sample	28	4.02 (0.72)	4.57 (0.30)	0.55 (0.83 to 0.27); < 0.001^*	− 0.50 (− 0.84 to − 0.15); 0.005^*
Infant expressed affect and characteristic mood
BD sample	26	3.71 (0.58)	4.13^¤ (0.43)	0.42 (0.67 to 0.18); 0.002^*	− 0.16 (− 0.50 to 0.18); 0.36
Non-clinical sample	28	3.91 (0.64)	4.49 (0.44)	0.58 (0.83 to 0.33); < 0.001^*	− 0.16 (− 0.50 to 0.18); 0.36
Infant behavioural and adaptive abilities
BD sample	26	3.48 (0.57)	3.87^¤ (0.43)	0.40 (0.64 to 0.15); 0.003^*	− 0.24 (− 0.64 to 0.15); 0.22
Non-clinical sample	28	3.76 (0.72)	4.39 (0.39)	0.64 (0.95 to 0.32); < 0.001^*	− 0.24 (− 0.64 to 0.15); 0.22
Infant communication
BD sample	26	3.28 (0.77)	3.32^¤ (0.69)	0.04 (0.43 to − 0.35); 0.84	− 0.03 (− 0.57 to 0.50); 0.90
Non-clinical sample	28	3.73 (0.86)	3.80 (0.53)	0.07 (0.45 to − 0.31); 0.70	− 0.03 (− 0.57 to 0.50); 0.90
Dyadic affective quality
BD sample	26	3.5^# (0.65)	3.46^¤ (0.68)	− 0.04 (0.26 to − 0.34); 0.79	− 0.28 (− 0.67 to 0.11); 0.16
Non-clinical sample	28	4.06 (0.64)	4.30 (0.47)	0.24 (0.51 to − 0.03); 0.08	− 0.28 (− 0.67 to 0.11); 0.16
Dyadic mutuality
BD sample	26	3.01^# (0.63)	2.94^¤ (0.63)	− 0.07 (0.23 to − 0.36); 0.64	− 0.26 (− 0.78 to 0.25); 0.30
Non− clinical sample	28	3.82 (0.88)	4.02 (0.65)	0.20 (0.63 to − 0.23); 0.36	− 0.26 (− 0.78 to 0.25); 0.30

^aIndependent samples t-test
^bPaired samples t-test
^#Statistically significant mean group difference at 3 months, p < 0.05. ^¤ Statistically significant mean group difference at 12 months, p < 0.05. ^*Statistically significant results

Back to article page