Smartphone-based activity measurements in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder, unaffected relatives and control individuals

Stanislaus, Sharleny; Vinberg, Maj; Melbye, Sigurd; Frost, Mads; Busk, Jonas; Bardram, Jakob E.; Kessing, Lars Vedel; Faurholt-Jepsen, Maria

doi:10.1186/s40345-020-00195-0

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 2 Associations between smartphone-based activity measurements^a and self-reported physical activity and observer-based rating scales for depression, mania and functioning (data pooled for patients with bipolar disorder, unaffected relatives and healthy control individuals)

From: Smartphone-based activity measurements in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder, unaffected relatives and control individuals

	Model 1			Model 2
	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p
Self-reported smartphone-based activity N = 482
IPAQ	1.17	0.80;1.54	< 0.001	1.16	0.79;1.53	< 0.001
HAMD-17 sub-item 8	−0.44	−0.58:−0.29	< 0.001	−0.45	−0.60;−0.31	< 0.001
HAMD-17 sub-item 9	−0.33	−0.50;−0.16	< 0.001	−0.35	−0.52;−0.17	< 0.001
YMRS sub-item 2	0.22	0.09;0.36	0.002	0.23	0.09;0.37	0.001
YMRS sub-item 6	0.08	−0.02;0.17	0.10	0.08	−0.02;0.17	0.11
FAST	−0.020	−0.026;−0.014	< 0.001	−0.20	−0.26;−0.15	< 0.001
Step counts
IPAQ N = 74	0.02	−0.32;0.36	0.90	0.007	−0.34;0.36	0.97
HAMD-17 sub-item 8 N = 88	−750.5	−1800;299.8	0.16	−668.4	−1749;412.3	0.22
HAMD-17 sub-item 9	−617.9	−1932;696.1	0.35	−643.7	−1967;679.7	0.34
YMRS sub-item 2	134.1	−997.9;1266	0.81	85.2	−1055;1226	0.88
YMRS sub-item 6	−187.8	−945.4;569.8	0.62	−192.5	−970.6;585.6	0.62
FAST N = 97	−40.9	−73.5;−8.28	0.015	−39.1	−72.1;−6.04	0.021
Screen time (seconds/day) N = 179
IPAQ N = 116	−0.67	−1.35;0.01	0.053	−0.57	−1.25;0.11	0.10
HAMD-17 sub-item 8 N = 137	2603	1064;4141	0.001	2177	−612.5;3741	0.007
HAMD-17 sub-item 9	2658	422.0;4893	0.020	2488	286.2.4690	0.027
YMRS sub-item 2	−701.0	−2589;1187	0.46	−600.4	−2457;1256	0.52
YMRS sub-item 6	531.8	−755.1;1818	0.42	566.5	−700.1;1833	0.38
FAST N = 145	111.7	36.1;187.4	0.004	92.2	17.3;167.0	0.016
Screen on (number/day) N = 179
IPAQ N = 116	−0.17	−2.77;2.44	0.90	0.51	−2.16;3.17	0.71
HAMD-17 sub-item 8 N = 137	−10.5	−18.0;−3.06	0.006	−11.8	−19.2;−4.33	0.002
HAMD-17 sub-item 9	−9.29	−20.3;1.76	0.098	−10.1	−21.1;0.79	0.069
YMRS sub-item 2	8.96	−0.17;18.1	0.054	8.72	−0.34;17.8	0.059
YMRS sub-item 6	2.92	−3.26;9.10	0.35	3.53	−2.62:9.68	0.26
FAST n = 145	−0.29	−0.64;−0.06	0.11	−0.32	−0.67;−0.03	0.071
Incoming calls (number/day) N = 180
IPAQ N = 137	−0.04	−0.74;0.82	0.92	−0.01	−0.08;0.08	0.98
HAMD-17 sub-item 8 N = 155	0.13	−0.12;0.40	0.31	0.14	−0.11;0.39	0.28
HAMD-17 sub-item 9	0.40	0.07;0.74	0.019	0.41	0.07;0.74	0.019
YMRS sub-item 2	0.15	−0.12;0.41	0.28	0.14	−0.13;0.40	0.32
YMRS sub-item 6	0.14	−0.02;0.30	0.087	0.14	−0.02;0.31	0.086
FAST N = 167	0.005	−0.004;0.015	0.31	0.006	−0.004;0.016	0.26
Outgoing calls (number/day) N = 180
IPAQ N = 137	0.68	−0.80;0.22	0.36	−0.66	−0.86:0.22	0.39
HAMD-17 sub-item 8 N = 155	−0.13	−0.61;0.36	0.61	−0.12	−0.61;0.38	0.63
HAMD-17 sub-item 9	0.35	−0.31;1.02	0.30	0.37	−0.30;1.03	0.28
YMRS sub−item 2	0.95	0.46;1.45	< 0.001	0.94	0.43;1.44	< 0.001
YMRS sub-item 6	0.27	−0.05;0.58	0.097	0.27	−0.05;0.59	0.092
FAST N = 167	−0.009	−0.029;0.012	0.42	−0.007	−0.027;0.014	0.52
Missed calls (number/day) = 180
IPAQ N = 137	−0.08	−0.60;0.44	0.78	−0.10	−0.64;0.43	0.70
HAMD-17 sub-item 8 N = 155	0.13	−0.06;0.31	0.17	0.13	−0.05;0.32	0.16
HAMD-17 sub-item 9	0.002	−0.25;0.25	0.99	0.007	−0.25;0.26	0.96
YMRS sub-item 2	0.03	−0.17;0.23	0.75	0.04	−0.16;0.25	0.70
YMRS sub-item 6	0.04	−0.08;0.16	0.54	0.03	−0.08;0.16	0.58
FAST N = 167	0.005	−0.020;0.011	0.17	0.005	−0.002;0.011	0.18
Duration of phone calls (seconds/day) N = 180
IPAQ N = 137	−0.01	−0.07;0.05	0.74	−0.01	−0.07;0.06	0.79
HAMD-17 sub-item 8 N = 155	−2.77	−216;210	0.98	−15.3	−230;199	0.89
HAMD-17 sub-item 9	91.2	−199.1:381.5	0.54	69.5	−219.6;358.6	0.64
YMRS sub-item 2	202,5	−24,3;429,3	0.080	208.1	−18.9;435.1	0.072
YMRS sub-item 6	74.5	−65.4;214.3	0.29	72.6	−66.9;212.1	0.43
FAST N = 167	0.27	−5.34;9.88	0.56	1.89	−5.78;9.58	0.63
Incoming text messages (number/day) N = 180
IPAQ N = 133	0.17	−0.19;0.52	0.35	0.11	−0.25:0.46	0.55
HAMD-17 sub-item 8 N = 159	0.54	−0.62;1.71	0.36	0.67	−0.49;1.82	0.26
HAMD-17 sub-item 9	1.00	−0.57;2.56	0.21	1.12	−0.43;2.67	0.16
YMRS sub-item 2	−0.50	−1.78;0.78	0.38	−0.46	−1.73;0.81	0.48
YMRS sub-item 6	0.18	−0.64;0.99	0.67	−0.09	−0.71;0.89	0.83
FAST N = 168	−0.005	−0.046;0.044	0.98	−0.002	−0.047;0.042	0.92
Outgoing text messages (number/day) N = 180
IPAQ N = 133	0.26	−0.85;0.60	0.14	0.19	−0.16,0.53	0.29
HAMD-17 sub-item 8 N = 159	0.29	−0.82;1.93	0.61	0.38	−0.72;1.47	0.49
HAMD-17 sub-item 9	0.71	−0.77;2.20	0.34	0.81	−0.65;2.27	0.23
YMRS sub-item 2	−0.56	−1.77;0.64	0.36	−0.51	−1.70;0.68	0.40
YMRS sub-item 6	0.06	−0.70;0.82	0.87	−0.01	−0.77;0.74	0.97
FAST N = 168	−0.02	−0.06;0.03	0.43	−0.02	−0.06;0.02	0.38

Significant p values are given in italic
IPAQ The Physical Activity Questionnaire—short form, a measure of physical activity 7 days prior to assessment, HAMD-17 The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item. Sub-item 8 and 9 addressing psychomotor retardation and agitation, respectively, YMRS total The Young Mania Rating Scale. Subitem 2 and 6 addressing motor activity and speech, respectively, FAST The Functional Assessment Short Test, a measure of global functioning 14 days prior to assessment
^aSmartphone-based activity measurements: Averages of smartphone-based activity ratings were calculated for the current day and 3 days before ratings with HAMD-17 and YMRS, 7 days prior for rating IPAQ and 14 days prior for FAST.

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