Table 2 Lifetime treatment histories
|  | VNS + TAU (N = 97) | TAU (N = 59) |
|---|---|---|
Number of treatment courses* | ||
 Mean | 9.2 | 9.0 |
 Maximum | 14 | 14 |
 Minimum | 3 | 4 |
Antidepressants, n (%) | 97 (100%) | 59 (100%) |
 Bupropion | 71 (73%) | 38 (64%) |
 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | 88 (91%) | 50 (85%) |
 Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) | 78 (80%) | 48 (81%) |
 Other | 68 (70%) | 35 (59%) |
Antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and other medications, n (%) | ||
 Lamotrigine | 62 (64%) | 44 (75%) |
 Quetiapine | 56 (58%) | 35 (59%) |
 Olanzapine | 37 (38%) | 24 (24%) |
 Olanzapine + fluoxetine | 5 (5%) | 6 (10%) |
 Lithium | 53 (55%) | 25 (42%) |
 Sodium valproate | 54 (56%) | 20 (34%) |
Electroconvulsive therapy, n (%) | 53 (54%) | 23 (39%) |
Psychological therapies, n (%) | ||
 Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) | 44 (45%) | 23 (39%) |
 Individual therapy | 83 (86%) | 48 (81%) |