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Table 1 The original 12 epidemiological studies reported by Van Meter et al. (2011)

From: ‘Pediatric Bipolar Disorder’ rates are still lower than claimed: a re-examination of eight epidemiological surveys used by an updated meta-analysis

Source study

Subjects

Location

Year completed

Criteria

Instrument

Prevalence period

Age

Informant

Van Meter et al

2011

Van Meter et al. (2019a)

Parry et al. (2018)

PBD

%

BD-I

%

BD-I & BD-II

%

Bipolar

Spectrum

%

BD-I

%

Total Bipolar Spectrum

%

Kim-Cohen et al. 2003

N = 973

New Zealand

1985

DSM-III

DISC

12 mth

Not asked or Adult age 21

1.8

N/A

N/A

N/A

0 or N/A

0 or N/A

Verhulst et al. 1997

N = 780

The Netherlands

1993

DSM-III-R

DISC

6 mth

13–18 years

Parent & adolescent

2.8 added

1.2 parent

1.2 parent

N/R

1.9 added

0 agreement

2.8 added

0 agreement

Canals et al. 1997

N = 290

Spain

1994

ICD-10, DSM-IV

SCAN

Point

17–18 years

Adolescent

2.4 ICD

N/R

0 DSM

N/R

0 DSM

0 ICD

0 DSM

2.4 ICD

Lynch et al. 2006

N = 723

Republic of Ireland

2002

DSM-IV

K-SADS

Lifetime

12–15 years

Parent & adolescent

0

0

0

0

0

0

Benjet et al. 2009

N = 3,005

Mexico City

2005

DSM-IV

CIDI

12 mth

12–17 years

Adolescent

2.5

2.0

N/R

2.5

2.05

2.5

Stringaris et al. 2010

N = 5,326

United Kingdom

2007

DSM-IV

DAWBA

Lifetime

Parent & adolescent

8–19 years

1.2

N/R

0.1

1.2 parent

0.1aadded

0.04aagreement

2.6 added

0.04 agreement

8–15 years

    

0.03a added

0a agreement

  

16–19 years

    

0.4a added

0.1a agreement

  

Kashani et al. 1987

N = 150

Missouri

1986

DSM-III

DICA

Lifetime

14–16 years

Parent & adolescent

0.7

0.7

N/R

N/R

0.7

0b

0.7

2%b (all cyclothymia)

Lewinsohn et al. 1995

N = 1,709

Oregon

1988

DSM-III-R/DSM-IV

K-SADS

Lifetime

14–18 years

Adolescent

6.7c

0.1

0.8

6.7

0.1

1.0

Costello et al. 1996

N = 1,015

Nth Carolina

1994

DSM-III-R

CAPA

3 mth

9–13 years

Parent & adolescent

0.1 added

0

0.1

N/R

0

0.1 added

Andrade et al. 2006

N = 619

Hawaii

1994

DSM-III-R

DISC

Lifetime

13–21 years

Adolescent

1.5

N/R

1.5 “Mania-hypomania”

N/R

Part of 1.4

1.4 “Mania-hypomania”

Gould et al. 1998

N = 1,285

USA

1996

DSM-III-R

DISC

6 mth

9–17 years

Parent & child/adolescent

1.3

1.2

N/R

N/R

Possibly less than 1.2

(“mania” may include hypomania)

1.2

Kessler et al. 2009

N = 347

USA

2003

DSM-IV

K-SADS, CIDI

Lifetime

13–17 years

Adolescent

6.3 K-SADS

0.5

2.3

6.6

0.5 K-SADS

1.0 CIDI

6.2 K-SADS

6.6 CIDI

  1. aIncludes BD-I plus BD-II
  2. b Carlson & Kashani (1988) reviewed data concluded 3 adolescents had cyclothymia
  3. c BD-NOS cases of 5.7% failed to continue as bipolar cases in young adult follow-up (Lewinshohn et al. 2000)