‘Pediatric Bipolar Disorder’ rates are still lower than claimed: a re-examination of eight epidemiological surveys used by an updated meta-analysis

Parry, Peter; Allison, Stephen; Bastiampillai, Tarun

doi:10.1186/s40345-021-00225-5

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 1 The original 12 epidemiological studies reported by Van Meter et al. (2011)

From: ‘Pediatric Bipolar Disorder’ rates are still lower than claimed: a re-examination of eight epidemiological surveys used by an updated meta-analysis

Source study Subjects	Location Year completed Criteria	Instrument Prevalence period Age Informant	Van Meter et al 2011	Van Meter et al. (2019a)			Parry et al. (2018)
Source study Subjects	Location Year completed Criteria	Instrument Prevalence period Age Informant	PBD %	BD-I %	BD-I & BD-II %	Bipolar Spectrum %	BD-I %	Total Bipolar Spectrum %
Kim-Cohen et al. 2003 N = 973	New Zealand 1985 DSM-III	DISC 12 mth Not asked or Adult age 21	1.8	N/A	N/A	N/A	0 or N/A	0 or N/A
Verhulst et al. 1997 N = 780	The Netherlands 1993 DSM-III-R	DISC 6 mth 13–18 years Parent & adolescent	2.8 added	1.2 parent	1.2 parent	N/R	1.9 added 0 agreement	2.8 added 0 agreement
Canals et al. 1997 N = 290	Spain 1994 ICD-10, DSM-IV	SCAN Point 17–18 years Adolescent	2.4 ICD	N/R	0 DSM	N/R	0 DSM 0 ICD	0 DSM 2.4 ICD
Lynch et al. 2006 N = 723	Republic of Ireland 2002 DSM-IV	K-SADS Lifetime 12–15 years Parent & adolescent	0	0	0	0	0	0
Benjet et al. 2009 N = 3,005	Mexico City 2005 DSM-IV	CIDI 12 mth 12–17 years Adolescent	2.5	2.0	N/R	2.5	2.05	2.5
Stringaris et al. 2010 N = 5,326	United Kingdom 2007 DSM-IV	DAWBA Lifetime Parent & adolescent 8–19 years	1.2	N/R	0.1	1.2 parent	0.1^aadded 0.04^aagreement	2.6 added 0.04 agreement
		8–15 years					0.03^a added 0a agreement
		16–19 years					0.4^a added 0.1^a agreement
Kashani et al. 1987 N = 150	Missouri 1986 DSM-III	DICA Lifetime 14–16 years Parent & adolescent	0.7	0.7	N/R	N/R	0.7 0^b	0.7 2%^b (all cyclothymia)
Lewinsohn et al. 1995 N = 1,709	Oregon 1988 DSM-III-R/DSM-IV	K-SADS Lifetime 14–18 years Adolescent	6.7^c	0.1	0.8	6.7	0.1	1.0
Costello et al. 1996 N = 1,015	Nth Carolina 1994 DSM-III-R	CAPA 3 mth 9–13 years Parent & adolescent	0.1 added	0	0.1	N/R	0	0.1 added
Andrade et al. 2006 N = 619	Hawaii 1994 DSM-III-R	DISC Lifetime 13–21 years Adolescent	1.5	N/R	1.5 “Mania-hypomania”	N/R	Part of 1.4	1.4 “Mania-hypomania”
Gould et al. 1998 N = 1,285	USA 1996 DSM-III-R	DISC 6 mth 9–17 years Parent & child/adolescent	1.3	1.2	N/R	N/R	Possibly less than 1.2 (“mania” may include hypomania)	1.2
Kessler et al. 2009 N = 347	USA 2003 DSM-IV	K-SADS, CIDI Lifetime 13–17 years Adolescent	6.3 K-SADS	0.5	2.3	6.6	0.5 K-SADS 1.0 CIDI	6.2 K-SADS 6.6 CIDI

^aIncludes BD-I plus BD-II
^b Carlson & Kashani (1988) reviewed data concluded 3 adolescents had cyclothymia
^c BD-NOS cases of 5.7% failed to continue as bipolar cases in young adult follow-up (Lewinshohn et al. 2000)

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