Early detection of bipolar disorders and treatment recommendations for help-seeking adolescents and young adults: Findings of the Early Detection and Intervention Center Dresden

Martini, Julia; Leopold, Karolina; Pfeiffer, Steffi; Berndt, Christina; Boehme, Anne; Roessner, Veit; Fusar-Poli, Paolo; Young, Allan H.; Correll, Christoph U.; Bauer, Michael; Pfennig, Andrea

doi:10.1186/s40345-021-00227-3

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 3 Treatment history and treatment recommendation of the service for subjects in the four pre-defined groups (three BD at-risk and one manifest mania/BD) (N = 149)

From: Early detection of bipolar disorders and treatment recommendations for help-seeking adolescents and young adults: Findings of the Early Detection and Intervention Center Dresden

	Group 1 AR (N = 21)		Group 2 AR + LD (N = 49)		Group 3 AR + (H)MR (N = 55)		Group 4 M/BD (N = 24)		Group differences with Bonferroni correction (significant results, only)^a	p-value	Group differences for planned contrasts representing increasing risk for BD (significant results, only)^a	p-value
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
History of child psychiatric treatment	3	14.3	6	12.2	11	20.0	4	16.7
Outpatient	2	9.5	2	4.1	4	7.3	3	12.5
Inpatient	2	9.5	5	10.2	9	16.4	2	8.3
History of psychiatric treatment/ psychotherapy	10	47.6	25	51.0	29	52.7	15	62.5
Outpatient	8	38.1	22	44.9	24	43.6	12	50.0
Inpatient	4	19.0	9	18.4	13	23.6	9	37.5			G1 + G2 + G3 vs G4: Chi² = 3.124	0.077
History of medication treatment
Antidepressant	3	14.3	13	26.5	12	21.8	11	45.8			G1 + G2 + G3 vs G4: Chi² = 5.722	0.017
Mood stabilizer	1	4.8	1	2.0	1	1.8	1	4.2
Antipsychotic	2	9.5	2	4.1	3	5.5	5	20.8			G1 + G2 + G3 vs G4: Chi² = 6.310	0.012
Treatment recommendation of service
Psychotherapy (outpatient)	9	42.9	36	73.5	24	43.6	9	37.5	G1 vs G2: Chi² = 6.000 G2 vs G3: Chi² = 9.499 G2 vs G4: Chi² = 8.815	0.084 0.012 0.018	G2 + G3 vs G3 + G4: Chi² = 7.541	0.024
Psychiatrist (outpatient)	2	9.5	21	42.9	10	18.2	9	37.5	G1 vs G2: Chi² = 7.404 G2 vs G3: Chi² = 7.541	0.042 0.036
Psychiatric institutional outpatients' department (PIA)	1	4.8	8	16.3	10	18.2	12	50.0	G1 vs G4: Chi² = 11.157 G2 vs G4: Chi² = 9.183 G3 vs G4: Chi² = 8.419	0.006 0.012 0.024	G1 vs G2 + G3 + G4: Chi² = 3.819 G1 + G2 vs G3 + G4: Chi² = 5.062 G1 + G2 + G3 vs G4: Chi² = 14.799	0.051 0.024 < 0.001
Inpatient treatment	2	9.5	9	18.4	10	18.2	4	16.7
Recommended medication of service
Antidepressant	0	0.0	17	34.7	4	7.3	1	4.2	G1 vs G2: Chi² = 9.623 G2 vs G3: Chi² = 12.091 G2 vs G4: Chi² = 8.081	0.012 0.006 0.024	G1 vs.G2 + G3 + G4: Chi² = 4.235 G1 + G2vsG3 + G4: Chi² = 9.509	0.040 0.002
Mood stabilizer	0	0.0	3	6.1	5	9.1	9	37.5	G1 vs G2: Chi² = 9.844 G2 vs G4: Chi² = 11.547 G3 vs G4: Chi² = 9.249	0.012 0.006 0.012	G1 vs G2 + G3 + G4: Chi2 = 3.148 G1 + G2 vs G3 + G4: Chi² = 6.629 G1 + G2 + G3 vs G4: Chi² = 19.267	0.076 0.010 < 0.001
Antipsychotic	2	9.5	0	0.0	3	5.5	1	4.2

N number, % percentage, M mean, SD standard deviation, Chi²Chi-square, t t-test, p p-value, n.a. not applicable, AR at-risk for bipolar disorder, LD lifetime depression, (h)MR (Hypo-)Mania Risk State, M/BD Manifest Mania/ Bipolar Disorder, G1: group 1, G2: group 2, G3: group 3, G4: group 4.
^aFor reason of clarity we decided to present significant results only.
Statistics for non-significant results are available on request to inform future meta-analyses

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