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Table 2 Nonlinear coefficients for mood and energy series

From: The futility of long-term predictions in bipolar disorder: mood fluctuations are the result of deterministic chaotic processes

Coefficient

Series

HC

(mean ± SD)

BD

(mean ± SD)

FDR

(mean ± SD)

Statistic

LE

Mood

1.84

1.63

1.71

F(2, 87) = 8.42; p < 0.005

Energy

1.85

1.76

1.61

F(2, 87) = 11.02; p < 0.005

DFA

Mood

0.53 ± 0.03

0.50 ± 0.01

0.52 ± 0.03

F(2, 87) = 0.14, p = 0.86

Energy

0.54 ± 0.04

0.54 ± 0.04

0.53 ± 0.03

F(2, 87) = 0.02; p = 0.97

Fractal Dimension

Mood

1.54 ± 0.11

1.51 ± 0.05

1.52 ± 0.04

F(2, 87) = 1.48, p = 0.2

Energy

1.42 ± 0.12

1.41 ± 0.05

1.41 ± 0.06

F(2, 87) = 0.18, p = 0.8

  1. LE: Lyapunov exponent; DFA: Detrended fluctuation analysis; HC: Healthy controls; BD: bipolar disorder; FDR: Unaffected first-degree relatives