Table 2 Measurements for occupational functioning

Own questionnaire/interview/medical information

Altshuler et al. (2007), Boland et al. (2015), Bonnin et al. (2014), Crowe et al. (2020), DeTore et al. (2018), Lee et al. (2015), Levy et al. (2013), Martinez-Aran et al. (2007), Robertson (2006), Strassnig et al. (2017)

N/A

N/A

Other (e.g. categorization)

Dickerson et al. (2004), Drakopoulos et al. (2020), Duarte et al. (2016), Forcada et al. (2015), Fulford (2011), Gilbert et al. (2010), Martinez-Camarillo et al. (2019), Mora et al. (2013), Mur et al. (2008), Tabares-Seisdedos et al. (2008), Torrent et al. (2007)

N/A

N/A

Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST)

Anaya et al. (2016), Bonnin et al. (2010), Demant et al. (2015b), Forcada et al. (2015), Jensen et al. (2015), Jiminez et al. (2012; one subscale), Liu et al. (2021), Mora et al. (2013), Rosa et al. (2013), Samalin et al. (2016), Sanchez-Autet et al. (2018), Solé et al. (2018; one subscale), Torrent et al. (2013), Varo et al. (2017), Zyto et al. (2016)

WF

Scale for occupational functioning consists of questions regarding difficulty with functioning. Such as: working in the field in which someone was educated; managing work load

Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)

Bonnín et al. (2010), Drakopoulos et al. (2020), Forcada et al. (2015), (Gilbert et al. (2010), Kaya et al. (2007), Leany (2011), Levy et al. (2013), Luo et al. (2020), Martinez-Aran et al. (2007), Miguelez-Pan et al. (2014), Mora et al. (2013), Mur et al. (2008, 2009), O'Shea et al. (2010), Ryan et al. (2013), Van Rheenen and Rossell (2014), Sanchez-Autet et al. (2018), Simonsen et al. (2010), Tabares-Seisdedos et al. (2008)

WF

GAF assesses functioning while taking symptoms into account

Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS)

Baune et al. (2013), Baune and Malhi (2015), Crouse et al. (2020), Duarte et al. (2016), Esan et al. (2020), Lee et al. (2013), O'Shea et al. (2010), Olley et al. (2005), Sole et al. (2012), Torrent et al. (2007), Zubieta et al. (2001)

WF

Described the degree of functioning and disability, regardless of experienced symptoms

WHO-DAS 2.0

Baune et al. (2013), Baune and Malhi (2015), Chen et al. (2021), Lee et al. (2013, 2015), Mur et al. (2009), Tabares-Seisdedos et al. (2008)

WF

There is one domain that focuses on work and the difficulties that someone may experience. These relate to finishing work, earning less money, and working at a lower level due to health problems

Social Adjustment Scale (SAS)

Baune et al. (2013), Dickerson et al. (2010), Vierck and Joyce (2015)

WF

Role functioning and performance is scored

UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA)

Leany (2011), Bello (2009), Bowie et al. (2010), Depp et al. (2012b), Duarte et al. (2016)

WF

The role-play reflects general abilities needed in daily life

Social Skills Performance Assessment (SSPA)

Bowie et al. (2010)

WF

Observation of everyday tasks and social skills

Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation [LIFE(-RIFT)]

Godard et al. (2011), Wilder-Willis (2001)

WF

Describes the degree of impairment in functioning (e.g. work)

Motivation for Work Questionnaire (MWQ)

Martinez-Camarillo et al. (2019)

WF

Spanish instrument to evaluate work motivation for participating in work activities

QoL-BD

Van Rheenen and Rossell (2014)

WF

Questions regarding the quality of work functioning are present (e.g. “met demands at work”)

Social Support and Undermining Scale

Ryan et al. (2013)

WF

This questionnaire is used to examine dynamics in stressful situations, such as unemployment

Specific Level of Functoning Scale (SLOF)

Bowie et al. (2010)

WF

Questions regarding functioning, such as whether the client has employable skills, or works with minimal supervision

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)

Altshuler et al. (2007)

WP

Questions regarding the extent of work participation

PRESCA-2 (proxy for cognitive reserve)

Anaya et al. (2016)

WP

This scale categorizes occupations

Strauss-Carpenter

Baune et al. (2013), Baune and Malhi (2015), Burdick et al. (2010a)

WP

The work item consists of categorizing the rate of employment: e.g. employed continuously; employed less than half of the time in the last year

Wisconsin Quality of Life Index (WQLI)

Leany (2011), Bello (2009)

WP

Questions in the WQLI are regarding what the main activity is, what the patient would like to have as the main activity, and a question regarding satisfaction

Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS)

Demant et al. (2015a, b), Jensen et al. (2015, 2016)

WP

WSAS assesses the degree of impairment in relation to work participation

WHOQoL(-Bref)

Demant et al. (2015b), Fulford (2011), Jensen et al. (2016), Lee et al. (2013, 2015)

WP

The questionnaire assesses work capacity as part of occupational functioning

Diagnostic Interview for Genetics Studies (DIGS)

Depp et al. (2012b), Ryan et al. (2013)

WP

The DIGS ascertains information on the participant’s current job and classifies it according to occupational categories (e.g., professional specialty, administrative support, unem- ployed, disabled, student)

Modified Vocational Status Index (MVSI)

Dickerson et al. (2010)

WP

The MVSI assesses categorizes occupational participation based on seven levels, ranging from full-time gainful employment to unemployed

Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)

Drakopoulos et al. (2020), Sachs et al. (2020)

WP

Short questionnaire regarding impact of health problems. The questionnaire asks about days missed, days lost

Nam–Powers–Boyd

Fulford (2011)

WP

Categorizes occupations

Social Functioning Scale (SFS)

Kaya et al. (2007), Miguelez-Pan et al. (2014), Simonsen et al. (2010)

WP

Records occupational status, hours etc.

Vocational Status Index (VSI)

Wingo et al. (2010; minor modifications)

WP

Provides vocational status

Life Functioning Questionnaire (LFQ)

Bearden et al. (2011), Leany (2011), Bello (2009), Duarte et al. (2016), O'Donnell (2016), O'Donnell et al. (2017), Olley et al. (2005)

WP and WF

Part 1: role functioning and degree of difficulties. Part 2: degree of work participation

Multidimensional Scale of Independent Functioning (MSIF)

Baune and Malhi (2015)

WP and WF

Role functioning: e.g. full-time or part-time. Performance: compared to normal expectations (work functioning)

Health and Performance Questionnaire (HPQ)

Deckersbach et al. (2010), Duarte et al. (2016)

WP and WF

HPQ is a self-report questionnaire in which the patient can rate their own performance on a scale. Next to work performance, absenteeism and job-related accidents are recorded

Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q)

Latalova et al. (2010)

WP and WF

Participation: whether the client works or not. Functioning: satisfaction and experience with several aspects of working

Multnomah Community Ability Scale (MCAS)

Lewandowski et al. (2020)

WF

MCAS was developed to assess functioning in patient populations across multiple domains including independence in daily living, social interest and involvement, work and leisure activities, and participation in treatment