Table 2 Sample characteristics

Socio-demographic factors

 Age (yrs), mean (s.d.)

38.3 (7.3)

41.5 (6.0)

37.9 (5.5)

42.4 (7.8)

41.1 (6.8)

F₄ = 2.7

0.032

 Female, %

60.0

54.9

71.4

53.2

43.1

χ²₄ = 6.1

n.s

 Socio-economic status, mean (s.d.)^a

3.0 (1.1)

3.3 (1.0)

2.8 (1.1)

2.8 (1.0)

3.4 (1.1)

F₄ = 2.8

0.025

Non-mood disorders at baseline, %

 Any anxiety disorders^b

30.0

29.4

47.6

42.6

6.2

χ²₄ = 24.9

< 0.001

 Alcohol abuse or dependence

26.7

27.5

33.3

51.1

9.2

χ²₄ = 24.3

< 0.001

 Illicit substance abuse or dependence

23.3

17.7

9.5

19.2

7.7

χ²₄ = 5.8

n.s

Socio-demographic factors

 Age (yrs), mean (s.d.)

40.8 (9.0)

43.1 (7.7)

44.3 (8.0)

42.4 (6.2)

43.1 (7.9)

F₄ = 0.7

n.s

Female^c, %

40.0

45.1

28.6

46.8

56.9

χ²₄ = 6.1

n.s

Interviewed^c (%)

50.0

60.8

42.9

53.2

66.2

χ²₄ = 5.1

n.s

Spouse’s disorders at baseline, %

 Any bipolar disorder

11.1

6.5

5.9

9.5

1.6

χ²₄ = 4.1

n.s

 Any depressive disorder

22.2

34.8

41.2

28.6

29.5

χ²₄ = 2.3

n.s

 Any anxiety disorders^b

29.6

10.9

17.7

23.8

14.8

χ²₄ = 5.4

n.s

 Alcohol abuse or dependence

18.5

23.9

35.3

23.8

6.6

χ²₄ = 10.6

< 0.05

 Illicit substance abuse or dependence

7.4

4.4

0

11.9

3.3

χ²₄ = 5.0

n.s

Socio-demographic factors

 Age at first follow-up (yrs), mean (s.d.)

8.6 (5.1)

10.9 (4.1)

8.8 (3.4)

10.7 (3.9)

9.3 (4.8)

F₄ = 2.2

n.s

 Age at last follow-up (yrs), mean (s.d.)

21.6 (7.3)

26.7 (5.6)

21.7 (4.4)

23.5 (6.4)

23.6 (6.8)

F₄ = 4.0

0.004

 Girls, %

61.5

47.4

67.5

45.1

46.2

χ²₄ = 9.4

n.s

 Number of assessments (%)

4.9 (1.7)

5.6 (1.6)

4.7 (1.1)

4.7 (1.6)

5.4 (1.6)

F₄ = 6.0

< 0.001

 Number of direct interviews (%)

3.8 (1.8)

4.8 (1.9)

3.9 (1.4)

3.8 (1.8)

4.2 (1.9)

F₄ = 4.3

< 0.01

 Duration of follow-up [yrs], mean (s.d.)

13.0 (5.2)

15.8 (4.5)

12.9 (3.3)

12.8 (4.1)

14.3 (4.7)

F₄ = 6.7

< 0.001