| |
Mania/hypomania onset in offspring
|
MDD onset in offspringb
|
|---|
|
Yes
|
No
|
HRa (95% CI)
|
Yes
|
No
|
HRa (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
%/m (SD)
|
%/m (SD)
|
%/m (SD)
|
%/m (SD)
|
|---|
|
N = 42
|
N = 346
|
N = 181
|
N = 165
|
|---|
|
Childhood adversity
|
|
Traumatic events
|
33.3
|
19.9
|
1.3 (0.7, 2.7)
|
35.4
|
3.0
|
2.8*** (2.0, 3.8)
|
|
Family environment
|
|
Parental separation
|
78.6
|
60.4
|
2.2° (1.0, 4.7)
|
65.2
|
55.2
|
1.1 (0.8, 1.6)
|
|
Family cohesion
|
34.8 (5.0)
|
34.7 (7.9)
|
1.0 (0.9, 1.1)
|
35.1 (8.1)
|
34.5 (7.9)
|
1.0 (1.0, 1.0)
|
|
Parental attitudes
|
|
Proband
|
|
Care
|
28.5 (5.2)
|
28.9 (6.0)
|
1.0 (0.6, 1.5)
|
28.9 (6.1)
|
28.8 (6.0)
|
1.0 (0.8, 1.2)
|
|
Denial of autonomy
|
4.3 (3.2)
|
5.2 (3.9)
|
1.0 (0.6, 1.5)
|
5.1 (3.7)
|
5.4 (4.1)
|
1.0 (0.8, 1.3)
|
|
Encouragement of freedom
|
13.6 (2.3)
|
12.4 (3.6)
|
1.0 (0.6, 1.5)
|
12.9 (3.8)
|
12.2 (3.5)
|
1.0 (0.8, 1.3)
|
|
Spouse
|
|
Care
|
27.6 (4.3)
|
28.3 (6.9)
|
1.1 (0.7, 1.7)
|
28.2 (6.9)
|
28.4 (6.9)
|
1.0 (0.8, 1.3)
|
|
Denial of autonomy
|
5.2 (3.4)
|
5.2 (4.0)
|
1.1 (0.7, 1.6)
|
5.2 (4.1)
|
5.3 (4.0)
|
1.1 (0.8, 1.3)
|
|
Encouragement of freedom
|
13.4 (2.9)
|
12.4 (3.4)
|
1.1 (0.7, 1.6)
|
12.8 (3.2)
|
12.2 (3.6)
|
1.0 (0.8, 1.3)
|
- Statistically significant values are in bold
- MDD major depressive disorder, m mean value, SD standard deviation, HR hazard ratios, 95% CI 95% confidence intervals
- ***p < 0.001
- **p < 0.01
- °p < 0.1
- aOne overall model for the two offspring outcomes with imputations for mediating variables, adjusted for sex and number of assessments in offspring, and SES of the family
- bExcluding offspring with mania/hypomania
