Fig. 2

Individual differences in the type and strength of the early warning signal. The x-axis represents each EMA momentary state, the y-axis each transition. Note that four individuals had two transitions (denoted by digits, with the lowest digit corresponding to the first transition). EWS were detected using moving window analyses (window = 2 weeks). To facilitate interpretation, the EMA momentary states were assigned to summary categories based on hypothesized underlying constructs. A colored block indicates that the EWS was significant for that transition. The color intensity indicates the strength of the EWS: the more intense the color, the stronger the EWS. Strength of the EWS was operationalized as the value of Kendall’s tau. Abbreviations: AR autocorrelation at lag-1, EMA ecological momentary assessment, EWS early warning signal, sd = standard deviation