Table 4 Validity of CRDC criteria for mood temperaments
From: Clinical research diagnostic criteria for bipolar illness (CRDC-BP): rationale and validity
Diagnosis | Symptoms | Course | Family history/Genetics | Treatment effects | Biological |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hyperthymic | Persistent mild manic symptoms (Akiskal et al. 1998) | Usually bipolar, alternating with manic and depressive episodes. Sometimes unipolar, alternating with depressive episodes. Sometimes pure and chronic, with no mood episodes (Azorin et al. 2011) | Associated with BP (Vohringer et al. 2012), (Goodwin and Manic–depressive 2007) (Chiaroni et al. 2004) | Little known | Unknown |
Cyclothymic | Persistent psychomotor activation alternating with psychomotor slowing, with milder euphoric or irritable mood alternating with dysphoric mood (Akiskal et al. 1998) | Usually bipolar, alternating with manic and depressive episodes. Sometimes unipolar, alternating with depressive episodes. Sometimes pure and chronic, with no mood episodes (Azorin et al. 2011) | Associated with BP (Vohringer et al. 2012), (Goodwin and Manic–depressive 2007), (Chiaroni et al. 2004) | Responsive to low doses/levels of anticonvulsants (Winsberg et al. 2001), (Jacobsen 1993) | Little studied |
Dysthymic | Persistent psychomotor slowing along with milder dysphoric mood (Akiskal et al. 1998) | Usually unipolar, alternating with depressive episodes. Sometimes bipolar, alternating with manic–depressive episodes. Sometimes pure, chronic, with no mood episodes (Azorin et al. 2011) | Associated with unipolar depression (Vohringer et al. 2012) (Chiaroni et al. 2004) | Somewhat responsive to antidepressants when unipolar or pure (Levkovitz et al. 2011) | Little studied |