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Table 2 Association between physical activity and incident bipolar disorders, based on participation in a long-distance ski race (skiers) compared to non-skiers

From: A physically active lifestyle is associated with lower long-term incidence of bipolar disorder in a population-based, large-scale study

Bipolar disorder

Unadjusted model

Adjusted modela

Physical activity

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

Nr events

715

703

Non-skiers (Reference)

1

1

Skiers

0.45 (0.39, 0.53)

0.48 (0.41, 0.56)

Excluding bipolar diagnoses < 5 years

 Nr events

459

453

 Non-skiers (Reference)

1

1

 Skiers

0.44 (0.36, 0.54)

0.45 (0.37, 0.55)

  1. Cox regression models showing HR for risk of bipolar disorders
  2. aModel adjusted for age, sex, and education
  3. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval