Table 1 Clinical, functional and socio-economic outcomes in patients newly diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD), their unaffected first-degree relatives (UR) and healthy control individuals (HC)

Number (N)

388

144

201

Sex (% female)

249 (64.2%)

77 (53.5%)*

131 (65.2%)

Age, median [IQR]

28.4 [23.6; 36.5]

27.0 [22.4; 35.3]

27.3 [24.0; 35.9]

HDRS-17, median [IQR]

9 [5; 15]*

2 [0; 3]*

0 [0; 2]

YMRS, median [IQR]

3 [0; 7]*

0 [0; 2]*

0 [0; 1]

Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) mean (SD), N

380

143

200

 FAST total score

22.0 (13.7)*

6.3 (9.7)*

1.5 (2.6)

FAST subdomains

 Autonomy

2.8 (2.9)*

0.8 (1.8)*

0.2 (0.6)

 Occupation

6.9 (6.3)*

1.5 (3.6)*

0.2 (1.2)

 Cognition

5.0 (3.7)*

1.4 (2.1)*

0.5 (0.9)

 Finances

1.5 (1.9)*

0.3 (0.8)*

0.1 (0.4)

 Relations

4.0 (3.6)*

1.4 (2.4)*

0.4 (1.0)

Leisure time

1.8 (1.8)*

0.8 (1.3)*

0.2 (0.5)

Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) mean (SD), N

380

143

200

 WSAS, total score

19.6 (7.8)*

5.3 (7.4)*

2.2 (4.8)

Socio-economic status, N (%)

381

140

196

 Educational years, mean (SD)

14.4 (2.7)*

14.3 (2.6)*

15.6 (2.0)

 Employment

290 (74.9%)*

128 (88.9%)

173 (86.1%)

 Work ability

297 (76.7%)*

142 (98.6%)

200 (99.5%)

 Relationship

188 (48.6%)*

85 (59.0%)

132 (65.7%)

 Cohabitation

249 (64.3%)*

102 (70.8%)

146 (72.6%)

 Marital status

96 (24.8%)

37 (25.7%)

38 (18.9%)