Familial load of psychiatric disorders and overall functioning in patients newly diagnosed with bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 4 Associations between familial load of psychiatric disorders (PD) and the outcomes (1) Employment, (2) Work ability, (3) Relationship, (4) Cohabitation and (5) Marital status in patients newly diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) and their unaffected first-degree relatives (UR).

Patients newly diagnosed with BD (n = 388)				UR of patients newly diagnosed with BD (n = 144)
	OR	95% CI	P		OR	95% CI	P
Employment
≥ 1 PD Relative	0.77	[0.47; 1.27]	0.299	≥ 2 PD Relatives	1.14	[0.32; 4.11]	0.839
FLI	1.82	[0.79; 4.20]	0.163	FLI	5.43	[0.22; 136.1]	0.303
Work ability
≥ 1 PD Relative	1.18	[0.71; 1.96]	0.531	≥ 2 PD Relatives	–	–	–
FLI	0.92	[0.41; 2.08]	0.847	FLI	–	–	–
Relationship
≥ 1 PD Relative	1.26	[0.81; 1.96]	0.313	≥ 2 PD Relatives	1.15	[0.55; 2.41]	0.710
FLI	1.06	[0.52; 2.16]	0.866	FLI	4.66	[0.80; 27.28]	0.088
Cohabitation
≥ 1 PD Relative	1.11	[0.71; 1.73]	0.646	≥ 2 PD Relatives	3.11	[1.25; 7.71]	0.014
FLI	1.16	[0.57; 2.39]	0.683	FLI	10.98	[1.25; 96.70]	0.031
Marital status
≥ 1 PD Relative	0.88	[0.46; 1.68]	0.693	≥ 2 PD Relatives	2.30	[0.77; 6.89]	0.136
FLI	1.08	[0.40; 2.91]	0.874	FLI	3.03	[0.32; 29.20]	0.337

Analyses presented are adjusted to age, sex, HDRS-17 and YMRS
HDRS-17: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, total score
YMRS: Young Mania Rating Scale, total score
Employment: patients “in job/study” vs. “unemployed”
Work ability: patients “not on sick-leave” vs. “on sick-leave”
Relationship: patients “in a relationship” vs. “not in a relationship”
Cohabitation: patients “cohabitating” vs. “living alone”
Marital status: patients “married, divorced or separated” vs. “never married”
≥ 1 PD Relative: Participants with one or more first-degree relatives with psychiatric disorders
≥ 2 PD Relatives: Participants with two or more first-degree relatives with psychiatric disorders
FLI: Family Liability Index.