Articles

The existential crisis of bipolar II disorder

The issue of categorical vs. dimensional classification of bipolar disorder continues to generate controversy as it has for generations. Despite the evidence that no psychiatric disorder has discrete boundarie...

Authors: Michael Gitlin and Gin S. Malhi

Diagnosing bipolar disorders: ICD-11 and beyond

Authors: Emanuel Severus and Michael Bauer

Bipolar disorders in ICD-11: current status and strengths

The Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines for the ICD-11 Classification of mental and behavioural disorders should soon be finalized. To measure their potential impact, the new proposed definitions o...

Authors: Jules Angst, Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross and Wulf Rössler

Smartphones in mental health: a critical review of background issues, current status and future concerns

There has been increasing interest in the use of smartphone applications (apps) and other consumer technology in mental health care for a number of years. However, the vision of data from apps seamlessly retur...

Authors: Michael Bauer, Tasha Glenn, John Geddes, Michael Gitlin, Paul Grof, Lars V. Kessing, Scott Monteith, Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Emanuel Severus and Peter C. Whybrow

Bipolar depression: a major unsolved challenge

Depression in bipolar disorder (BD) patients presents major clinical challenges. As the predominant psychopathology even in treated BD, depression is associated not only with excess morbidity, but also mortali...

Authors: Ross J. Baldessarini, Gustavo H. Vázquez and Leonardo Tondo

Guides for users and prescribers of lithium

Authors: Janusz K. Rybakowski

Predictors of psychosocial outcome of bipolar disorder: data from the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network

Impairments in psychosocial functioning have been demonstrated in 30–60% of adults with bipolar disorder (BD). However, the majority of studies investigating the effect of comorbid mental health disorders and ...

Authors: Francis Bennett, Sophie Hodgetts, Andrew Close, Mark Frye, Heinz Grunze, Paul Keck, Ralph Kupka, Susan McElroy, Willem Nolen, Robert Post, Lars Schärer, Trisha Suppes and Aditya N. Sharma

Investigating the relationship between melatonin levels, melatonin system, microbiota composition and bipolar disorder psychopathology across the different phases of the disease

Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania/hypomania alternating with intervals of well-being. The neurobiological underpinnings of BD are still veiled although there ...

Authors: Mirko Manchia, Alessio Squassina, Claudia Pisanu, Donatella Congiu, Mario Garzilli, Beatrice Guiso, Federico Suprani, Pasquale Paribello, Vittoria Pulcinelli, Maria Novella Iaselli, Federica Pinna, Flavia Valtorta, Bernardo Carpiniello and Stefano Comai

C-reactive protein concentration in bipolar disorder: association with genetic variants

Several recent studies have investigated the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in bipolar disorder (BD), but few studies have directly investigated the interaction between CRP genetic variants and peripheral CRP c...

Authors: Ann-Kristin Evers, Julia Veeh, Rhiannon McNeill, Andreas Reif and Sarah Kittel-Schneider

Association between decreased HDL levels and cognitive deficits in patients with bipolar disorder: a pilot study

Cognitive deficits are common in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Abnormal high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels have been implicated in cognitive deficits associated with ageing and neurodegenerative diso...

Authors: Li Hui, Xiao Li Yin, Jie Chen, Xu Yuan Yin, Hong Liang Zhu, Jin Li, Guang Zhong Yin, Xiao Wen Xu, Xiao Nan Yang, Zheng Kang Qian, Cai Xia Jiang, Zhen Tang, Hai Bing Yang, Eric F. C. Cheung, Raymond C. K. Chan and Qiu Fang Jia

Alterations of perineuronal nets in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of neuropsychiatric patients

Alterations in the structure and physiology of interneurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are important factors in the etiopathology of different psychiatric disorders. Among the interneuronal subpopulations,...

Authors: Julia Alcaide, Ramón Guirado, Carlos Crespo, José Miguel Blasco-Ibáñez, Emilio Varea, Julio Sanjuan and Juan Nacher

Short group psychoeducation followed by daily electronic self-monitoring in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorders: a multicenter, rater-blind, randomized controlled trial

Despite various pharmacological and psychological treatment interventions, bipolar disorders rank among the leading causes of global disease burden. Group psychoeducation has been demonstrated an effective add...

Authors: Johannes Petzold, René Mayer-Pelinski, Maximilian Pilhatsch, Susan Luthe, Thomas Barth, Michael Bauer and Emanuel Severus

Investigating the association between anxiety symptoms and mood disorder in high-risk offspring of bipolar parents: a comparison of Joint and Cox models

Anxiety is associated with mood disorders including bipolar disorder. Two statistical modelling frameworks were compared to investigate the longitudinal relationship between repeatedly measured anxiety symptom...

Authors: Ruoxi Dong, George Stefan, Julie Horrocks, Sarah M. Goodday and Anne Duffy

Treatment of bipolar depression with supraphysiologic doses of levothyroxine: a randomized, placebo-controlled study of comorbid anxiety symptoms

Symptoms of anxiety co-occur in a variety of disorders including in depressive episodes of bipolar disorder and in patients with thyrotoxicosis. Treatment of refractory bipolar disorder with supraphysiologic d...

Authors: Maximilian Pilhatsch, Thomas J Stamm, Petra Stahl, Ute Lewitzka, Anne Berghöfer, Cathrin Sauer, Michael Gitlin, Mark A. Frye, Peter C. Whybrow and Michael Bauer

Prospective cohort study of early biosignatures of response to lithium in bipolar-I-disorders: overview of the H2020-funded R-LiNK initiative

Lithium is recommended as a first line treatment for bipolar disorders. However, only 30% of patients show an optimal outcome and variability in lithium response and tolerability is poorly understood. It remai...

Authors: Jan Scott, Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei, Rebecca Strawbridge, Allan Young, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Bruno Etain, Ole A. Andreassen, Michael Bauer, Djamila Bennabi, Andrew M. Blamire, Fawzi Boumezbeur, Paolo Brambilla, Nadia Cattane, Annamaria Cattaneo, Marie Chupin, Klara Coello…

Trajectories of adherence to mood stabilizers in patients with bipolar disorder

Nonadherence with mood stabilizers is a major problem that negatively impacts the course of bipolar disorder. Medication adherence is a complex individual behavior, and adherence rates often change over time. ...

Authors: M. Bauer, T. Glenn, M. Alda, R. Bauer, P. Grof, W. Marsh, S. Monteith, R. Munoz, N. Rasgon, K. Sagduyu and P. C. Whybrow

Exploring the clinical outcome of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for bipolar and unipolar depressive patients in routine clinical practice: a pilot study

Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has been adopted as an evidence-based treatment for unipolar depressive disorder (UDD). Although MBCT has not been included in the treatment guidelines for bipolar di...

Authors: I. Hanssen, M. I. van Dord, F. R. Compen, D. E. M. Geurts, M. P. J. Schellekens and A. E. M. Speckens

Epigenetic markers in inflammation-related genes associated with mood disorder: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in high-risk offspring of bipolar parents

Bipolar disorder is highly heritable and typically onsets in late adolescence or early adulthood. Evidence suggests that immune activation may be a mediating pathway between genetic predisposition and onset of...

Authors: Anne Duffy, Sarah M. Goodday, Charles Keown-Stoneman, Martina Scotti, Malosree Maitra, Corina Nagy, Julie Horrocks and Gustavo Turecki

Clinical use of lithium salts: guide for users and prescribers

Lithium has been used clinically for 70 years, mainly to treat bipolar disorder. Competing treatments and exaggerated impressions about complexity and risks of lithium treatment have led to its declining use i...

Authors: Leonardo Tondo, Martin Alda, Michael Bauer, Veerle Bergink, Paul Grof, Tomas Hajek, Ute Lewitka, Rasmus W. Licht, Mirko Manchia, Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen, René E. Nielsen, Marylou Selo, Christian Simhandl and Ross J. Baldessarini

Alec J. Coppen—A pioneering psychiatrist who discovered the pivotal role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of depression as well as the antisuicidal effect of lithium

Authors: Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen and Mohammed T. Abou-Saleh

Neuropsychological profiles of adult bipolar disorder patients with and without comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in bipolar disorder and associated with worse outcomes. Cognitive testing might be a tool to identify this group. Here we compare the neuropsy...

Authors: Sara Salarvan, Timea Sparding, Caitlin Clements, Eleonore Rydén and Mikael Landén

Attenuated inflammatory response of monocyte-derived macrophage from patients with BD: a preliminary report

Innate immune system dysfunction has been recognized as an important element in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to investigate whether there are differences in the response of macrophage...

Authors: Bruna M. Ascoli, Mariana M. Parisi, Giovana Bristot, Bárbara Antqueviezc, Luiza P. Géa, Rafael Colombo, Flávio Kapczinski, Fátima Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma, Elisa Brietzke, Florencia M. Barbé-Tuana and Adriane R. Rosa

Why are somatic diseases in bipolar disorder insufficiently treated?

Somatic diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer diseases, are the main contributors to a shortened life expectancy of 10–20 years in patients with bipolar disorder as compared to the genera...

Authors: René Ernst Nielsen, Pirathiv Kugathasan, Sune Straszek, Svend Eggert Jensen and Rasmus W. Licht

Electroconvulsive therapy electrode placement for bipolar state-related targeted engagement

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for all bipolar states. However, ECT remains underutilized, likely stemming from stigma and the risk of neurocognitive impairment. Neuroimaging researc...

Authors: Christopher C. Abbott, Jeremy Miller, Megan Lloyd and Mauricio Tohen

Intra-individual variability in animal models of bipolar disorder

Authors: Emily R. Hawken, Elisa Brietzke and Claudio N. Soares

Metabolic profile in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance is twice as high in patients with bipolar disorder compared with the general population, and possibly associated with a disabling illness trajectory ...

Authors: Klara Coello, Maj Vinberg, Filip K. Knop, Bente K. Pedersen, Roger S. McIntyre, Lars V. Kessing and Klaus Munkholm

Controversies in bipolar disorder; role of second-generation antipsychotic for maintenance therapy

In this narrative review, we discuss use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. We compare their use to historically more established treatments (particularly ...

Authors: Sameer Jauhar and Allan H. Young

“What if I get ill?” Perinatal concerns and preparations in primi- and multiparous women with bipolar disorder

Women with bipolar disorder have a high risk of illness relapse postpartum, including psychosis. The aim of the study was to explore how perinatal women with bipolar disorder relate to the risk. What are their...

Authors: Teija M. S. Anke, Kari Slinning and Dag Vegard Skjelstad

Mortality rate trends in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: a nationwide study with 20 years of follow-up

Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) have a reduced life expectancy of one to two decades as compared to the general population, with most years of life lost due to somatic diseases. Most previous studies...

Authors: Line Hosbond Lomholt, Diana Vincens Andersen, Christina Sejrsgaard-Jacobsen, Cagla Margit Øzdemir, Claus Graff, Ole Schjerning, Svend Eggert Jensen, Sune Puggard Vogt Straszek, Rasmus W. Licht, Simon Grøntved and René Ernst Nielsen

Genetic and environmental influences on circulating NK and T cells and their relation to bipolar disorder

In previous studies we found mild deficiencies of circulating T cells in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and children at risk for BD, correlating to a higher inflammatory state. The genetic and environment...

Authors: G. Snijders, R. Brouwer, S. Kemner, F. Bootsman, H. A. Drexhage and M. H. J. Hillegers

Differences in mood instability in patients with bipolar disorder type I and II: a smartphone-based study

Mood instability in bipolar disorder is associated with a risk of relapse. This study investigated differences in mood instability between patients with bipolar disorder type I and type II, which previously ha...

Authors: Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Mads Frost, Jonas Busk, Ellen Margrethe Christensen, Jakob E. Bardram, Maj Vinberg and Lars Vedel Kessing

Rumination related activity in brain networks mediating attentional switching in euthymic bipolar patients

Mood disorder patients have a tendency to be more internally oriented, with difficulties in switching attentional focus, which might result in the generation of negative thoughts, such as rumination. The prese...

Authors: Kallia Apazoglou, Anne-Lise Küng, Paolo Cordera, Jean-Michel Aubry, Alexandre Dayer, Patrik Vuilleumier and Camille Piguet

Show yourself, a short film to show professionals at an admission ward your ‘euthymic being’ during an admission for mania

The progress and recovery of a patient with mania during hospitalization is differently seen by professionals working at an admission ward and by relatives of the patient. Professionals often indicate that the...

Authors: P. J. J. Goossens, T. H. Daggenvoorde, H. G. Groot Lipman, S. Verhaeghe and A. W. M. M. Stevens

Smartphone-based self-monitoring in bipolar disorder: evaluation of usability and feasibility of two systems

The aims of the present multicenter pilot study were to examine the feasibility and usability of two different smartphone-based monitoring systems (the Pulso system and the Trilogis-Monsenso system) from two I...

Authors: Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Emanuale Torri, Jesús Cobo, Daryoush Yazdanyar, Diego Palao, Narcis Cardoner, Olaf Andreatta, Oscar Mayora and Lars Vedel Kessing

Lithium during pregnancy and after delivery: a review

Lithium is an effective treatment in pregnancy and postpartum for the prevention of relapse in bipolar disorder. However, lithium has also been associated with risks during pregnancy for both the mother and th...

Authors: Eline M. P. Poels, Hilmar H. Bijma, Megan Galbally and Veerle Bergink

Antidepressants in bipolar depression: an enduring controversy

The proper place and the optimal use of antidepressants in treating bipolar depression continues to be an area of great interest and greater controversy with passionate opinions more common than good studies. ...

Authors: Michael J. Gitlin

MOGENS SCHOU: 100th anniversary of his birth

Authors: Paul Grof and Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen

Detecting significant genotype–phenotype association rules in bipolar disorder: market research meets complex genetics

Disentangling the etiology of common, complex diseases is a major challenge in genetic research. For bipolar disorder (BD), several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed. Similar to other ...

Authors: René Breuer, Manuel Mattheisen, Josef Frank, Bertram Krumm, Jens Treutlein, Layla Kassem, Jana Strohmaier, Stefan Herms, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Franziska Degenhardt, Sven Cichon, Markus M. Nöthen, George Karypis, John Kelsoe, Tiffany Greenwood, Caroline Nievergelt…

The challenges of living with bipolar disorder: a qualitative study of the implications for health care and research

In mental health care, clinical practice is often based on the best available research evidence. However, research findings are difficult to apply to clinical practice, resulting in an implementation gap. To b...

Authors: Eva F. Maassen, Barbara J. Regeer, Eline J. Regeer, Joske F. G. Bunders and Ralph W. Kupka

A nationwide study on concordance with multimodal treatment guidelines in bipolar disorder

Most previous studies on concordance with treatment guidelines for bipolar disorder focused on pharmacotherapy. Few studies have included other treatment modalities.

Authors: Joannes W. Renes, Eline J. Regeer, Adriaan W. Hoogendoorn, Willem A. Nolen and Ralph W. Kupka

Shared decision making in pharmacotherapy decisions, perceived by patients with bipolar disorder

Shared decision making has been promoted as standard care, but there has been debate on the possible types. On the one hand, there is a more ‘instrumental’/objective approach focused on the exchange of informa...

Authors: Doris Verwijmeren and Koen P. Grootens

Clinical characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder and premorbid traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional study

About one in ten diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) has experienced a premorbid traumatic brain injury (TBI), while not fulfilling the criteria of bipolar and related disorder due to another medical conditio...

Authors: Ole Kristian Drange, Arne Einar Vaaler, Gunnar Morken, Ole Andreas Andreassen, Ulrik Fredrik Malt and Per Ivar Finseth

Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder: international survey results

The world population is aging and the number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing. Digital technologies are viewed as a framework to improve care of older adults with bipolar disorder. This anal...

Authors: Rita Bauer, Tasha Glenn, Sergio Strejilevich, Jörn Conell, Martin Alda, Raffaella Ardau, Bernhard T. Baune, Michael Berk, Yuly Bersudsky, Amy Bilderbeck, Alberto Bocchetta, Angela M. Paredes Castro, Eric Y. W. Cheung, Caterina Chillotti, Sabine Choppin, Alessandro Cuomo…

Aggression among 216 patients with a first-psychotic episode of bipolar I disorder

Aggression by patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I) is not uncommon. Identifying potential risk factors early in the illness-course should inform clinical management and reduce risk.

Authors: Hari-Mandir K. Khalsa, Ross J. Baldessarini, Mauricio Tohen and Paola Salvatore

Thyroid and renal tumors in patients treated with long-term lithium: case series from a lithium clinic, review of the literature and international pharmacovigilance reports

Cancer had never been considered as a relevant problem in patients treated with lithium until 2015, when a document published by the European Medicine Agency concluded that long-term use of lithium might induc...

Authors: Luca Ambrosiani, Claudia Pisanu, Arianna Deidda, Caterina Chillotti, Maria Erminia Stochino and Alberto Bocchetta

Regional cortical thinning in young adults with schizophrenia but not psychotic or non-psychotic bipolar I disorder

Schizophrenia shares some genetic risk and clinical symptoms with bipolar disorder. Clinical heterogeneity across subjects is thought to contribute to variable structural imaging findings across studies. The c...

Authors: Douglass Godwin, Kathryn I. Alpert, Lei Wang and Daniel Mamah

Lack of emotional gaze preferences using eye-tracking in remitted bipolar I disorder

Bipolar disorder is associated with heightened and persistent positive emotion (Gruber in Curr Dir Psychol Sci 20:217–221, 2011; Johnson in Clin Psychol Rev 25:241–262, 2005). Yet little is known about informatio...

Authors: John R. Purcell, Monika Lohani, Christie Musket, Aleena C. Hay, Derek M. Isaacowitz and June Gruber

Aripiprazole once-monthly as maintenance treatment for bipolar I disorder: a 52-week, multicenter, open-label study

The long-acting injectable antipsychotic aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg (AOM 400) was recently approved for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder (BP-I). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the s...

Authors: Joseph R. Calabrese, Na Jin, Brian Johnson, Pedro Such, Ross A. Baker, Jessica Madera, Peter Hertel, Jocelyn Ottinger, Joan Amatniek and Hiroaki Kawasaki

The perspectives of patients with lithium-induced end-stage renal disease

Lithium is the treatment of choice for patients suffering from bipolar disorder (BD) but prolonged use induces renal dysfunction in at least 20% of patient. Intensive monitoring of kidney functioning helps to ...

Authors: Angèle P. M. Kerckhoffs, Erwin G. T. M. Hartong and Koen P. Grootens

Behavioural biomarkers and mobile mental health: a new paradigm

Over recent decades, the field of psychiatry has allocated a vast amount of resources and efforts to make available more accurate and objective methods to diagnose, assess and monitor treatment outcomes in psy...

Authors: Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei, Allan H. Young, Eduard Vieta and Francesc Colom