Table 1 MDQ symptoms score and prevalence of mood elevation symptoms in survey sample
Probable bipolar (N= 106) | Threshold bipolar (N= 459) | Difference | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
MDQ symptoms score: mean (s.d.) | 9.7 (1.9) | 8.5 (1.5) | 1.17 | F = 48.135, p < 0.001; η2 = 0.079 |
Frequency of occurrence of individual symptoms | ||||
Marked differences | ||||
Hyper behaviour leading to trouble (%) | 81 | 50 | 31 | LR = 35.847, p < 0.001; ϕ = 0.242 |
Risk-taking behaviour (%) | 82 | 58 | 24 | LR = 23.732, p < 0.001; ϕ = 0.196 |
Irritability leading to shouting (%) | 79 | 56 | 23 | LR = 21.606, p < 0.001; ϕ = 0.189 |
Irresponsible spending (%) | 27 | 7 | 20 | LR = 30.162, p < 0.001; ϕ = 0.256 |
Slight differences | ||||
Racing thoughts (%) | 85 | 73 | 12 | LR = 7.146, p = 0.008; ϕ = 0.108 |
Distractibility (%) | 90 | 80 | 10 | LR = 6.491, p = 0.011; ϕ = 0.101 |
Minor or no differences | ||||
Increased interest in sex (%) | 70 | 65 | 5 | LR = 1.098, p = 0.295; ϕ = 0.044 |
Increased talkativeness (%) | 80 | 75 | 5 | LR = 1.340, p = 0.247; ϕ = 0.048 |
Increased sociability (%) | 61 | 61 | 0 | LR = 0.004, p = 0.952; ϕ = 0.003 |
Increased confidence (%) | 84 | 85 | -1 | LR = 0.041, p = 0.840; ϕ = -0.009 |
Decreased need for sleep (%) | 68 | 69 | -1 | LR = 0.074, p = 0.786; ϕ = -0.011 |
Increased energy (%) | 85 | 88 | -3 | LR = 0.625, p = 0.429; ϕ = -0.034 |
Increased activity (%) | 73 | 83 | -10 | LR = 5.095, p = 0.024; ϕ = -0.098 |