Immunological and neurotrophic markers of risk status and illness development in high-risk youth: understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of bipolar disorder

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 1 Unadjusted mRNA expression and protein levels of candidate markers between groups

		High-risk vs. control offspring					High-risk early vs. later clinical stage
		Control n = 16		High-risk n = 19		p value^a	Early n = 12		Later n = 7		p value^b
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD		Mean	SD	Mean	SD
BDNF	mRNA	0.1753	(0.2616)	0.2737	(0.3525)	0.5410	0.3464	(0.4403)	0.1593	(0.0635)	0.7346
BDNF	Protein	105.13	(68.85)	234.83	(162.69)	0.0056	290.96	(152.59)	138.60	(140.03)	0.0453
TNF	mRNA	0.2290	(0.2615)	0.4759	(0.8113)	0.2485	0.6521	(1.012)	0.1991	(0.1089)	0.4747
TNF	Protein	55.53	(20.07)	54.33	(12.28)	0.8292	56.22	(12.46)	51.09	(12.16)	0.3951
IFN	mRNA	0.0388	(0.0688)	0.0615	(0.0658)	0.0803	0.0584	(0.0795)	0.0663	(0.0410)	0.2447
IFN	Protein	81.56	(26.80)	70.99	(28.70)	0.2715	63.36	(18.93)	84.09	(38.70)	0.1324
IL-6	mRNA	0.0740	(0.1063)	0.0966	(0.1956)	0.8091	0.0846	(0.2014)	0.1156	(0.2005)	0.3192
IL-6	Protein	5.98	(1.62)	7.77	(3.18)	0.0505	8.84	(3.60)	5.92	(0.59)	0.0502
IL-10	mRNA	0.0549	(0.0521)	0.0836	(0.0779)	0.7390	0.0683	(0.0620)	0.1076	(0.0984)	0.7219
	Protein	16.16	(8.82)	19.36	(6.04)	0.2132	19.11	(5.79)	19.78	(6.90)	0.8243

mRNA means and SD are presented as fold-change; protein levels are measured in picograms per microgram. ^ap value for t test comparing HR to control; mRNA is log-transformed; ^bp value for t test comparing early stage to late stage; mRNA is log-transformed.