Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of bipolar patients (BD) and healthy controls (HC)
Variable | BD | HC | Statistics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | M/Mdn/n | Range | n | M/Mdn/n | Range | ||
Gender female | 40 | 21 (52.50 %) | 30 | 18 (60.00 %) | × n.s. | ||
Age (years) Mdn (IQR) | 40 | 48.00 (21.00) | 23–77 | 30 | 38.50 (21.00) | 26–63 | ◊ n.s. |
Years of education Mdn (IQR) | 40 | 18.00 (5.00) | 11–18 | 30 | 15.50 (6.00) | 11–18 | ◊ n.s. |
Number of episodes M (SD) | 40 | 21.78 (15.04) | 3–72 | – | – | ||
Age at onset M (SD) | 40 | 29.10 (11.59) | 13–58 | – | – | ||
Duration of illness in years M (SD) | 40 | 18.00 (10.87) | 1–48 | ||||
Number of hospitalizations M (SD) | 40 | 2.93 (2.94) | 0–12 | ||||
Prior suicide attempts M (SD) | 40 | 0.45 (1.06) | 0–5 | – | – | ||
Bipolar 1 | 40 | 22 (55.00 %) | – | – | |||
Rapid cycling lifetime | 40 | 7 (17.50 %) | – | – | |||
Past psychotic symptoms | 39 | 11 (28 %) | |||||
Number of different psychotropic treatment groups M (SD) | 40 | 1.88 (0.79) | – | – | |||
Treatment with lithium | 40 | 19 (47.50 %) | – | – | |||
Treatment with antipsychotics | 40 | 16 (40.00 %) | – | – | |||
Treatment with antiepileptics | 40 | 26 (65.00 %) | – | – | |||
Treatment with antidepressants | 40 | 15 (37.50 %) | – | – | |||
BDI Mdn (IQR) (Beck et al. 1961) | 39 | 5.00 (15.00) | 0–26 | 30 | 2.00 (6.00) | 0–10 | ◊ z = −3.08 p ≤ .01 r = .37 |
HAMD M (SD) | 40 | 5.05 (2, 90) | 0–9 | – | – | ||
YMRS-D M (SD) | 40 | 1.50 (2, 08) | 0–9 | – | – | ||
FAST general score Mdn (IQR) | 40 | 23.00 (16.75) | 0–45 | 30 | 2.00 (5.00) | 0–8 | ◊ z = −6.53 p ≤ .001 r = .78 |
FAST cognitive score Mdn (IQR) | 40 | 5.00 (5.75) | 0–11 | 30 | 1.00 (2.00) | 0–4 | ◊ z = −5.82 p ≤ .001 r = .70 |