Table 1 Demographic and clinical variables of MPP, DPP, and IPP, and HC subjects
From: Cognitive impairments and predominant polarity in bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional study
Characteristics | MPP (n = 17) | DPP (n = 22) | IPP (n = 16) | HC (n = 31) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years)* | 37.94 (10.30) | 36.68 (10.11) | 39.63 (13.80) | 35.35 (6.96) | 0.550 |
Gender (% male)* | 47.0 | 45.4 | 31.2 | 32.2 | 0.606 |
Age of onset (years)* | 23.83 (9.66) | 25.00 (5.83) | 21.66 (10.78) | – | 0.690 |
Years of schooling* | 12.47 (2.57) | 12.82 (1.87) | 12.63 (1.96) | 11.74 (1.98) | 0.260 |
Estimated IQ* | 93.35 (8.80) | 101.95 (10.25) | 99.00 (12.36) | 97.23 (9.50) | 0.073 |
Time since onset of illness* | 10.50 (8.73) | 10.27 (5.96) | 11.00 (8.02) | – | 0.977 |
Number of manic episodes* | 5.06 (5.14) | 2.56 (2.45) | 4.00 (2.93) | – | <0.001 |
Number of depressive episodes* | 2.07 (1.43) | 8.21 (6.62) | 4.75 (4.06) | – | <0.001 |
Number of episodes* | 7.82 (6.23) | 16.59 (10.09) | 6.75 (3.99) | – | <0.001 |
Psychotic symptoms** | 11 (64.7) | 8 (44.4) | 3 (37.5) | 0 (0) | 0.338 |
Substance dependence** | 4 (23.5) | 7 (31.8) | 2 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 0.384 |
Anxiety disorders** | 9 (52.9) | 11 (50) | 6 (37.5) | 0 (0) | 0.986 |
Social phobia** | 1 (5.8) | 3 (13.6) | 3 (18.7) | 0 (0) | 0.534 |
Specific phobia** | 2 (11.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.098 |
Obsessive–compulsive disorder** | 2 (11.7) | 3 (13.6) | 2 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 0.984 |
Post-traumatic stress disorder** | 1 (5.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.438 |