Table 1 Cutaneous adverse reactions during lithium treatment: case reports and observational studies
Study | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case reports | Number of patients | Gender | Age (years) | Diagnosis | Duration of lithium treatment | Adverse cutaneous reaction | C–D–R | Medical comorbidities |
Maejima et al. (2012) | 1 | Male | 55 | Psychosis | NA | Psoriasis | NA | None |
Wang and Yang (2013) | 1 | Female | 37 | BD1 | 7 days | Non-itching, erythematous, maculopapular rash over 70% of total body surface area | C–D | None |
Scarfi and Arunachalam (2013) | 1 | Female | 40 | BD | 4 months | Facial acne | C–D | None |
Bugueno et al. (2013) | 1 | Female | 25 | BD | 1 month | Oral lichenoid lesion | C–D | ADHD, sickle cell trait |
Observational studies | Method | Diagnosis | Duration of lithium treatment | Number of patients | Outcome measured | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spoendlin et al. (2014) | Matched case control study | Affective disorders, schizophrenia | >180 days | 53,927 | Incidence of rosacea | Lower rate of rosacea in long-term lithium-treated patients |