Childhood maltreatment and the medical morbidity in bipolar disorder: a case–control study

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 3 Relationship between childhood maltreatment and medical illnesses, presented separately for participants with bipolar disorder and controls

	Participants with bipolar disorder			Controls
	Adjusted OR^a	95% confidence interval	p value	Adjusted OR^a	95% confidence interval	p value
At least one medical illness
Any type of childhood maltreatment^b	6.28	1.70–23.12	0.006	0.92	0.47–1.81	0.809
Child abuse^c	4.99	1.32–18.75	0.017	0.81	0.36–1.84	0.616
Child neglect^d	4.78	1.09–20.86	0.038	1.12	0.49–2.56	0.794
Number of medical illnesses
Any type of childhood maltreatment	3.77	1.34–10.57	0.012	0.89	0.47–1.69	0.714
Child abuse	3.75	1.29–10.86	0.015	0.83	0.36–1.90	0.651
Child neglect	2.91	1.11–7.62	0.029	1.05	0.48–2.30	0.899

Significant p values are italicised
OR odds ratio derived from binary logistic regression for ‘at least one medical illness’ and from ordinal logistic regression for ‘number of medical illnesses’, P probability due to chance
^aAdjusted for the effects of gender and age
^bChildhood maltreatment was considered present if any type of child abuse or neglect were rated as moderate or severe
^cChild abuse was considered present if any form of child abuse was rated as moderate or severe
^dChild neglect was considered present if physical or emotional neglect was rated as moderate or severe