A nationwide study on concordance with multimodal treatment guidelines in bipolar disorder

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 3 Demographic, illness related and treatment related factors for concordance with the Dutch guideline for BD: univariate and multivariate analyses

	Univariate model^a			Multivariate model^b
	B	SE	P	B	SE	P
Demographic factors
Gender: female (male)^c	− 0.65	1.38	.640
Age	− 0.15	0.06	.010	0.03	0.07	.670
Marital status: living together or married (living alone, divorced, widowed)^c	1.34	1.32	.309
Education: total years of education	0.52	0.15	< .001	0.49	0.16	.002
Illness related factors
Diagnosis: BD I (BD II, BD NOS or SZA)^c	3.74	1.34	.005	2.98	1.43	.037
Psychiatric comorbidity: absent (present)^c	2.97	1.40	.035	2.63	1.50	.080
Duration of illness	− 0.15	0.06	.007	− 0.09	0.07	.193
Treatment related factors
Treatment setting: specialized centers (non-specialized center)^c	7.36	1.50	< .001	5.67	1.64	.001
Patient reports that a treatment plan has been made: yes (no)^c	5.65	1.32	< .001	5.37	1.44	< .001
Significant others have been asked to participate in the treatment: yes (no)^c	4.86	1.69	.004	3.43	1.81	.059
Patient is involved in decision-making: (never)^c
Sometimes	− 0.08	3.09	.979
Mostly	0.04	2.96	.989
Always	0.67	2.92	.818
Other factor
Patient uses the internet for information on bipolar disorder and treatments: yes (no)^c	1.56	1.30	.229

^aUnivariate analysis from simple regression. Note: constants in the simple regression models with categorical factors: gender: 72.8, marital status: 72.6, diagnosis: 72.1, psychiatric comorbidity: 72.1, treatment setting: 70.7, whether or not a treatment plan has been made: 72.0, whether or not significant others have been asked to participate: 71.1, patients’ involvement in decision-making: 72.6, and patients’ use of internet: 72.8
^bThe multivariate analysis includes all factors that are univariately associated with concordance (at the level of statistical significance of α = 0.05). The coefficient of determination of the multivariate model R² = 0.09 (p < 0.001)
^cReference category