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Table 4 Electrode placement and cognition

From: Electroconvulsive therapy electrode placement for bipolar state-related targeted engagement

 

Electrode placement

Cognitive assessment

Cognitive outcome

Mania

 Mohan et al. (2009)

BT

Mini Mental State Exam, Wechsler Memory Scale, Scale for autobiographical memory

MMSE and WMS scores declined in both groups, but no group differences between seizure threshold and 2.5 times seizure threshold

 Rezaei et al. (2012)

BT

Mini Mental State Exam, Reorientation time

MMSE scores declined in both groups (± remifentanil), but no group differences

 Barekatain et al. (2008)

BT and BF

Mini Mental State Exam

BF group had higher MMSE scores after the 6th and final ECT treatment

 Hiremani et al. (2008)

BT and BF

Trail Making Test, Verbal Fluency Test (Category), Paired Associate Learning Test, and Complex Figure Test (completed after fifth ECT treatment)

No group differences

Depression

 Kessler et al. (2014)

RUL (and pharmacotherapy)

MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, Autobiographical Memory Interview-Short Form

Both groups demonstrated improvement in every domain of MCCB with no group by time interaction; AMI-SF had a group by time interaction indication reduced autobiographical memory consistency in the ECT arm