Investigating the association between anxiety symptoms and mood disorder in high-risk offspring of bipolar parents: a comparison of Joint and Cox models

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 4 Joint model (n = 156) with 95% confidence interval

Sub-model	Variable	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value
Longitudinal	Age of HAM-A Measurement	0.039 (0.013, 0.065)	0.003
	Female offspring	0.249 (0.008, 0.489)	0.043
	Male offspring	*	–
	Lithium responder parent	− 0.262 (− 0.516, − 0.007)	0.044
	Lithium non-responder parent	*	–
	SES 123	0.372 (0.013, 0.731)	0.106^a
	SES 4	0.199 (− 0.070, 0.467)
	SES 5	*
	Parent onset age	− 0.001 (− 0.014, 0.012)	0.914
	Age at initial interview	0.023 (− 0.053, 0.007)	0.128
Cox	Female offspring	0.500 (− 0.269, 1.269)	0.203
	Male offspring	*	–
	Lithium responder parent	0.431 (− 0.398, 1.260)	0.308
	Lithium non-responder parent	*	–
	SES 123	− 0.299 (− 1.444, 0.845)	0.274^a
	SES 4	0.392 (− 0.454, 1.238)
	SES 5	*
	Parent onset age	− 0.006 (− 0.050, 0.038)	0.797
	Age at initial interview	− 0.115 (− 0.191, − 0.039)	0.003
	Estimated trajectory of logHAMA	1.067 (0.258, 1.875)	0.010

Italic values indicate significance of p-value (p < 0.05)
* = Reference level
^ap-value obtained by a partial likelihood ratio test on 2 degrees of freedom; other p-values obtained by Wald tests