Table 4 Symptom and behavioral outcome measures for patients and caregivers participating in a 12-session psychoeducation group program for bipolar disorder

QIDS - SR

n = 81

8.60 (6.14)

n = 81

7.40 (5.91)

t = 2.26; p = 0.03

ASRM

n = 82

1.82 (2.60)

n = 82

1.73(2.07)

ns

PAM-13 total

n = 67

53.59 (11.9)

n = 67

56.93 (14.1)

t = − 2.21; p = 0.03

 PAM level 1

n = 88

32 (36%)

n = 83

18 (22%)

 PAM level 2

24 (27%)

17 (20%)

 PAM level 3

18 (21%)

24 (29%)

 PAM level 4

14 (16%)

24 (29%)

LEE Total

n = 73

69.56 (18.7)

n = 73

70.70 (19.5)

ns

Subscales:

 LES (n = 75)

33.72 (9.9)

34.31 (9.6)

ns

 INTR (n = 70)

15.77 (6.1)

15.77 (5.7)

 IRR (n = 69)

11.55 (4.3)

11.88 (3.9)

 C (n = 73)

8.88 v (3.3)

8.78 (3.0)

DAI 10 mean score (1 positive, − 1 negative)

n = 59

1.46 (2.70)

n = 59

1.63 (2.56)

ns

Caregivers

T0

T1

LEE Total

n = 45

70.85 (11.8)

n = 45

67.59 (12.4)

T = 2.31; p = 0.03 

Subscales:

 LES (n = 50)

32.66 (8.0)

31.64 (7.8)

 INTR (n = 50)

15.32 (4.9)

14.32 (4.3)

 IRR (n = 48)

11.98 (3.4)

10.90 (3.4)

ns

 C (n = 51)

9.16 (2.4)

8.63 (2.2)