Defining phenotypes of long-term lithium and valproate response, including combination therapy: a modified application of the Alda scale in patients with bipolar disorders

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 4 Clinical correlates of long-term treatment response in bipolar disorder patients: Results of simple regression analyses using the total Alda score as a dependent variable

Demographic and illness characteristics	Lithium (n = 29)¹			Valproate (n = 56)²
Demographic and illness characteristics	Standardized beta	T	P	Standardized beta	T	P
Sex (female gender)	0.230	1.226	0.231	− 0.161	− 1.202	0.235
Age (current)	0.267	1.440	0.161	0.161	1.199	0.236
Education	− 0.138	− 0.712	0.483	0.142	1.056	0.296
Diagnosis (bipolar II disorder)	0.175	0.921	0.365	0.043	0.318	0.752
Age at onset	0.325	2.279	0.028	0.114	0.844	0.403
(Hypo)manic episode at onset	0.419	2.400	0.024	− 0.068	− 0.498	0.621
Pre-index-medication illness duration^a	0.296	1.613	0.118	0.089	0.647	0.520
Frequency of episodes (frequent)
Total	0.177	0.937	0.357	0.018	0.132	0.896
Major depressive	0.224	1.196	0.242	0.113	0.834	0.408
(Hypo)manic	− 0.153	− 0.807	0.427	− 0.090	− 0.665	0.509
Family history of psychiatric disorders	0.107	0.559	0.581	0.145	1.078	0.286
Family history of mood disorders	0.201	1.068	0.295	0.080	0.591	0.557
Any anxiety disorder	− 0.209	− 1.113	0.276	-0.475	− 3.967	< 0.001
Obsessive–compulsive disorder	-0.209	− 1.113	0.276	-0.393	− 3.145	0.003
Seasonality	− 0.017	− 0.072	0.944	0.221	1.377	0.177
Rapid cycling	0.338	1.865	0.073	− 0.049	− 0.362	0.719
Psychotic symptoms	− 0.363	− 2.022	0.053	− 0.068	− 0.498	0.621
Mixed episodes	− 0.163	− 0.859	0.398	− 0.289	− 2.196	0.033