Table 1 Evaluation of putative endophenotypes for bipolar disorder
Endophenotype | Associated with BD | Heritability | State-independence | Co-segregation | Familial association | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Imaging endophenotypes | ||||||
 White matters abnormalities | +++ | +++ | + | + | +++ | 11 |
 Acc cortical thickness | +++ | + | + | + | + | 7 |
Cognitive, emotional and reward processing endophenotypes | ||||||
 Attention and executive dysfunctions | +++ | +++ | + | ++ | + | 10 |
 Dysregulation of emotion and reward | +++ | + | ++ | + | + | 8 |
 Learning and memory | +++ | + | + | ± | + | 6.5 |
 Impaired facial expression recognition | + | + | + | + | + | 5 |
Molecular endophenotypes | ||||||
 CCL11 | + | + | ± | + | + | 4.5 |
 sTNFR1 | + | − | +++ | 0 | 0 | 4 |
 CCL24 | ++ | 0 | ++ | − | − | 4 |
 CXCL10 | ++ | − | ++ | 0 | 0 | 4 |
 BDNF | + | + | ± | ± | − | 3 |
 CRP | + |  +  | ± | ± | − | 3 |
 TWEAK | ++ | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | 3 |
 IL-10 | ± | + | ± | − | − | 2 |
 OPG | + | − | ± | 0 | 0 | 1.5 |