Table 3 Studies that investigated distraction in euthymic BD patients
From: Deficits in explicit emotion regulation in bipolar disorder: a systematic review
Study | Age | Medication | Paradigm | Dependent variables | Results behavioral | Results neural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caseras et al. (2015) | Adults | Yes | Task: N-back task with emotional distractors Valence: Negative, positive Participants: BD-I, euthymic (n = 16) BD-II, euthymic (n = 19) HC (n = 20) | Behavioral: Performance in n-back task Neural: fMRI, PPI, DTI Regions of interest: DLPFC, amygdala, and accumbens PPI seed: DLPFC PPI targets: Amygdala, accumbens | RT (2-back vs. 0-back): BD-I > BD-II and HC Slowing due to distractors in 2-back task: BD-I > BD-II and HC RT in 2-back without distractors: BD-I > HC BD-II vs. HC: NS RT in the 2-back task (no distractor vs. emotional distractor): BD-I: Fear > no distractor Happy > no distractor BD-II: NS HC: Fear > no distractor Neutral > no distractor | 2-back (no distractor) vs. 0-back (no distractor): Working memory network: BD-I > BD-II and HC 2-back task (distractor vs. no distractor): DLPFC: Fear: BD-II > BD-I > HC Happy: BD-I > BD-II and HC Neutral: HC > BD-I Amygdala: Fear: BD-II > BD-I > HC Happy: BD-I > BD-II > HC Neutral: BD-I > HC Accumbens: Fear: BD-I and BD-II > HC Happy: BD-I > BD-II and HC Neutral: BD-I > HC Functional connectivity: DLPFC-Amygdala Fear: BD-II > BD-I and HC DLPFC-Accumbens NS Structural integrity: Left uncinate fasciculus: NS Right uncinate fasciculus: BD-I < BD-II and HC |
Kanske et al. (2013) | Adults | Yes | Task: Picture viewing task Valence: Negative, positive Participants: BD-I, euthymic (n = 22) HC (n = 22) | Behavioral: Performance in the distraction task Neural: fMRI | RT in the mental arithmetic task: BD-I > HC | During distraction: Right parietal cortex: BD-I > HC |
Kanske et al. (2015) | Adults | Yes | Task: Picture viewing task Valence: Negative, positive Participants: BD-I, euthymic (n = 22) HC (n = 22) | Behavioral: Self-report during and after the task Neural: fMRI Regions of interest: Bilateral OFC, dorsolateral (DLPFC, middle frontal) and dorsomedial prefrontal (DMPFC, superior medial), anterior cingulate (ACC), and parietal cortex (inferior, superior) | Self-report: Rating after the experiment: NS Viewing: Positive: NS Negative: NS Distraction: NS | Viewing: NS Distraction vs. viewing: NS |