Antidepressant efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in antidepressant-nonresponding bipolar depression: a single-blind randomized sham-controlled trial

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 1 Demographic and clinical variables

	ITT				PP
	Sham	Treatment	t/chi²	p	Sham	Treatment	t/chi²	p
	n = 28	n = 26	t/chi²	p	n = 25	n = 23	t/chi²	p
Age, mean (SD)	39.4 (11.3)	40.7 (11.4)	− 0.4	0.69	40.0 (11.4)	39.7 (11.6)	0.09	0.93
Sex, male n (%)	10 (36)	8 (31)	0.01	0.92	9 (36)	8 (35)	0.05	0.83
Education, n (%)			–	0.70			–	0.5
Primary or below	1 (4)	1 (4)			1 (4)	1 (4)
Secondary	12 (43)	8 (31)			12 (48)	7 (30)
Post-secondary	15 (54)	17 (65)			12 (48)	15 (65)
Bipolar disorder subtype, n (%)			–	1			–	1
Type 1	4 (14)	4(15)			4 (16)	4 (17)
Type 2	24 (86)	22 (85)			21 (84)	19 (83)
Baseline MADRS, mean (SD)	27.0 (5.1)	27.5 (5.2)	− 0.41	0.68	26.2 (3.8)	26.8 (4.9)	− 0.48	0.63
Baseline HAM-A, mean (SD)	20.5 (7.0)	21.0 (10.3)	− 0.19	0.85	21.0 (7.1)	20.0 (10.4)	0.38	0.71
Baseline YMRS mean (SD)	1.0 (1.9)	2.3 (3.2)	− 1.83	0.07	1.1 (2.0)	1.7 (2.4)	− 0.82	0.42
Melancholic specifier, n (%)	18 (64)	17 (65)	0.04	0.84	16 (64)	14 (61)	0.01	0.94
Atypical specifier, n (%)	6 (21)	13 (50)	3.65	0.06	6 (24)	11 (48)	2.02	0.16
Rapid cycling specifier, n (%)	13 (46)	17 (65)	1.27	0.26	12 (48)	15 (65)	0.83	0.36
Onset	23.5 (8.4)	23.9 (9.0)	− 0.18	0.86	23.7 (8.5)	23.7 (8.8)	− 0.02	0.98
Years since onset	15.9 (8.9)	17.6 (9.5)	− 0.69	0.5	16.3 (8.8)	17.0 (9.7)	− 0.23	0.82
On antidepressant at baseline, n (%)	19 (68)	19 (73)	0.01	0.9	17 (68)	17 (74)	0.02	0.9
On antipsychotic at baseline, n (%)	24 (86)	20 (77)	–	0.49	22 (88)	19 (83)		0.7
Number of comorbid disorders (lifetime)	1.9 (1.3)	2.3 (1.2)	− 0.99	0.33	2.0 (1.3)	2.3 (1.2)	− 0.83	0.41
(Current)	1.5 (0.9)	2.0 (1.1)	− 1.85	0.07	1.6 (0.9)	2.0 (1.1)	− 1.52	0.14

ITT intention-to-treat, PP per-protocol, MADRS Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, HAMA Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale