Table 3 Validity of CRDC criteria for rapid cycling course and pediatric bipolar disorder
From: Clinical research diagnostic criteria for bipolar illness (CRDC-BP): rationale and validity
Diagnosis | Symptoms | Course | Family history/Genetics | Treatment effects | Biological |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rapid cycling course | Any mood episode | 4 or more episodes per year (Goodwin and Manic–depressive 2007) | Associated with BP (Goodwin and Manic–depressive 2007) | Probably worsened by antidepressants, little responsive to any single mood stabilizer, responsive to multiple mood stabilizers (Tondo et al. 2003), (Calabrese et al. 2005), (Ghaemi et al. 2010) | Associated with hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation (Juckel et al. 2000) |
Pediatric bipolar illness | Episodic changes in energy and mood meeting CRDC definitions for index episodes as above | Bipolar, with depressive episodes Some proportion of cases with onset before 10 years (Soutullo et al. 2005), (Birmaher et al. 2009), (Merikangas et al. 2010) | Associated with BP (Birmaher et al. 2009) | Antipsychotics are effective for acute mania (McClellan et al. 2007) Lithium and anticonvulsants are likely effective for long–term prophylaxis (Kowatch et al. 2005) | Similar patterns as found with adult–onset (Goldstein et al. 2017) |