Table 3 Lifetime psychiatric comorbidity by lifetime psychotic feature status
From: Psychotic features, particularly mood incongruence, as a hallmark of severity of bipolar I disorder
|  | BD I all (n = 162) | BD I with psychotic features (n = 96) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disorder | Psychotic (n = 96) | Non-psychotic (n = 66) | Test statistic (95% C.I) a | p | Mood-incongruent (n = 43) | Mood-congruent (n = 53) | Test statistic (95% C.I) a | P |
% | % | % | % | |||||
Generalized anxiety disorder | 8.4 | 13.9 | 0.5 (0.2; 1.5) | 0.235 | 14.0 | 3.9 | 4.0 (0.8; 21.2) |  < 0.100 |
Agoraphobia | 5.3 | 13.9 | 0.3 (0.1; 0.9) | 0.032 | 4.7 | 5.8 | 0.8 (0.1; 5.0) | 0.806 |
Panic disorders | 9.4 | 6.1 | 1.5 (0.4; 5.5) | 0.500 | 14.0 | 5.7 | –b | –b |
Social phobia | 16.8 | 21.5 | 0.7 (0.3; 1.5) | 0.357 | 18.6 | 15.4 | 1.3 (0.4; 3.7) | 0.811 |
Obsessive–compulsive disorder | 11.6 | 7.7 | 1.5 (0.5; 4.5) | 0.518 | 16.3 | 7.7 | 2.3 (0.6; 8.6) | 0.200 |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | 2.1 | 3.1 | –b | –b | 4.7 | 0 | –b | –b |
Alcohol abuse | 21.9 | 9.2 | 2.9 (1.1; 7.8) | 0.039 | 25.6 | 18.9 | 1.4 (0.5; 4.0) | 0.472 |
Alcohol dependence | 17.7 | 27.7 | 0.6 (0.3; 1.2) | 0.136 | 23.3 | 13.2 | 2.0 (0.7; 5.8) | 0.230 |
Cannabis abuse | 4.2 | 4.6 | 0.7 (0.1; 3.2) | 0.601 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 1.3 (0.2; 9.8) | 0.828 |
Cannabis dependence | 11.5 | 4.6 | 2.2 (0.6; 8.4) | 0.254 | 18.6 | 5.7 | 4.5 (1.1; 19.5) | 0.042 |
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | 10.5 | 10.8 | 0.9 (0.8; 2.5) | 0.816 | 16.3 | 5.8 | 3.3 (0.8; 14.2) | 0.662 |
Childhood separation anxiety disorder | 12.6 | 15.4 | 0.7 (0.3; 1.7) | 0.400 | 16.3 | 9.6 | 1.9 (0.5; 6.4) | 0.323 |
Childhood disruptive behavioral disorders c | 14.7 | 6.2 | 2.5 (0.8; 8.2) | 0.132 | 18.6 | 11.5 | 1.8 (0.6; 5.9) | 0.317 |
Anti-social personality disorder | 4.2 | 7.7 | 0.4 (0.1; 1.7) | 0.224 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 1.5 (0.2; 12.1) | 0.712 |
Anorexia nervosa | 1.1 | 3.1 | –b | –b | 0 | 1.9 | –b | –b |
Bulimia nervosa | 6.3 | 9.2 | 0.6 (0.2; 2.0) | 0.411 | 7.0 | 5.8 | –b | –b |
Pathological gambling | 4.2 | 1.5 | –b | –b | 7.0 | 1.9 | –b | –b |