Table 4 Treatment characteristics by lifetime psychotic feature status

Treatment characteristics of most severe or most recent episode

 Consultation of a professional healthcare provider for manic or mixed episode [%]

85.0

66.7

OR = 2.9 (1.3; 6.5)

0.009

88.4

82.0

OR = 1.7 (0.5; 5.5)

0.387

 Any drug treatment for manic or mixed episode [%]

80.4

59.0

OR = 3.0 (1.4; 6.3)

 < 0.050

85.7

76.0

OR = 2.0 (0.7; 6.0)

0.214

 Consultation of a professional healthcare provider for depressive episode ^b [%]

93.6

96.6

OR = 0.6 (0.1; 3.3)

0.549

97.1

90.9

OR = 3.4 (0.4; 32.3)

0.287

 Any drug treatment for depressive episode ^b [%]

85.7

86.0

OR = 1.5 (0.5; 4.5)

0.507

93.9

79.6

OR = 4.8 (0.8; 27.8)

0.080

Lifetime mood stabilizers

 Lithium only [%]

8.3

20.0

OR = 0.4 (0.2; 1.1)

0.063

7.0

9.4

OR = 0.8 (0.2; 4.0)

0.771

 Anticonvulsants only [%]

5.2

6.2

OR = 0.7 (0.2; 2.7)

0.575

7.0

3.8

OR = 2.3 (0.3; 15.7)

0.387

 Antipsychotics only [%]

18.1

10.0

OR = 2.0 (0.7; 5.5)

0.182

12.2

22.6

OR = 0.5 (0.2; 1.5)

0.196

Combinations

 Lithium and anticonvulsants [%]

1.0

3.1

–^c

–

0

1.9

–^c

–

 Lithium and antipsychotics [%]

28.1

20.3

OR = 1.6 (0.7; 3.4)

0.244

32.6

24.5

OR = 1.5 (0.6; 3.7)

0.371

 Anticonvulsants and antipsychotics [%]

18.8

10.9

OR = 1.6 (0.6; 4.3)

0.310

18.6

18.9

OR = 1.0 (0.4; 3.0)

0.945

 Lithium and anticonvulsants and antipsychotics) [%]

14.6

14.1

OR = 1.3 (0.5; 3.3)

0.616

14.0

15.1

OR = 0.9 (0.3; 2.9)

0.870

Number of psychiatric hospitalizations [mean (s.d)]

3.8 (2.7)

2.5 (2.3)

β = 1.1 (0.3; 1.9)

0.006

3.9 (3.2)

2.9 (2.2)

β = 1.0 (− 0.1; 2.0)

0.084